Slots In Pistons Can Be Used For
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Piston parts, unlike designs and material, do not vary across different pistons. They remain the same with differences only in their sizes.
*Slots In Pistons Can Be Used For Cash
*Slots In Pistons Can Be Used For
*Slots In Pistons Can Be Used For A
In the slot type pistons the practice of the method of the invention ever, the bulging is outwardly so that the result in all cases is to spread the slot to apoint where it approximates its. Wavy expander ring directs oil go holes or slots in piston back to crankcase. Connect the piston to the rod 3 connection design types: stationary, semi. Racing pistons are manufactured from aluminum forgings. Certainly plenty of racing occurs with cast and hypereutectic pistons, but only where class rules forbid aluminum forgings. This book deals with high-level racing engines, so this discussion primarily pertains to forged racing pistons. With the exception of clearances and certain performance features, cast and hypereutectic pistons can.
This article explores the automotive piston assembly components, detailing the function of each.
To make identifying each part easy, we added images in the descriptions.
Piston components extend all the way from the part bordering the combustion chamber to the end that connects to the crankshaft. Collectively, these parts make the piston assembly.
These are the components we will focus on. Before proceeding, here is a diagram showing all piston parts.
Now, on to a detailed description of each component.
1. Piston RingPiston Ring Definition
Piston ringsare pieces of split rings that mount on a recessed area of the piston. Thereare usually 3 piston rings in a typical car engine. The number varies, and a pistoncan even have one ring. The areas or surfaces between these rings arecalled piston ring lands. The ring mounting grooves are designed to maintain the piston ring position, andyou may hear something like tapered construction.
The split design of the piston ring has several benefits. It allows for spring action, which helps the rings to maintain the correct piston ring gap. The split also makes piston ring installation easy. To ensure spring constant under heat, load, pressures, and other conditions, manufacturers prefer cast iron or pieces of steel for piston rings material.
Piston Ring Function
The primary function of piston rings is to seal off the combustionchamber and regulate lubricating oil usage. The rings also serve to conductheat away to the cylinderbore. As mentionedbefore, most vehicle engine pistons feature three rings; two upper compressionrings and a lower oil ring. For clarity, the different rings are explainedbelow.
*Compressionring– this is the top side ring and nearest the combustion chamber. It is also called the gas or pressure ring. The ring prevents combustion gases from leaking. Compression rings also help transfer heat from the piston to the walls of the cylinder.
*Scraper/wiperring– this is located between the compression and oil rings. It features a tapered surface and serves the function of both rings: to seal the combustion chamber and to wipe oil off the walls of the piston cylinder.
*Oilcontrolring– the piston oil ring is the lower ring on the piston. It consists of two thin surfaces, with holes all around. The slots allow oil to flow back into the sump. As its name suggests, the function of the piston oil control ring is to remove excess oil from the cylinder walls. It does that as the piston works back and forth.
2. Piston SkirtPiston Skirt Definition
The skirt of a piston refers to the cylindrical material mounted on the round section of a piston. The part is usually made from cast iron material due to its excellent wear resistance and self-lubricating properties. The skirt contains the grooves to mount the piston oil ring as well as compression rings. Piston skirts come in different styles to suit specific applications.
Piston Skirt Function
The skirt guides the piston as it travels up and down the cylinder.Its design helps the pistonto overcome the side forces created by the changing angle of the connecting rod. If the skirt is worn, obtaining a proper pistonseal for efficientcombustion would prove difficult.
Thepiston would also rock in the cylinder uncontrollably and cause piston slap. When thathappens, you may hear the infamous piston slap noise, especially during cold starts. Piston slap willoften go away after the engine has warmed. That is because the resultingresulting expansion closes the gap between piston and cylinder.
Ifthe noise does not stop, the cylinder may need to be tightened, among othermeasures. Otherwise, the problem does not present much danger, and you maydrive your car if the noise only appears when starting the engine.
There are two main types ofpiston skirts:
*Full skirt
It is also known as solid skirt. The full skirt features a tubular shape. It is commonly used in the engines of large automobiles.
*Slipper skirt
The type of piston skirt is used on the pistons of motorcycles and some cars. Vegas world free texas holdem poker. It has part of the skirt cut away to leave only the surfaces on the back and front of the cylinder wall. This helps to reduce weight and minimize the contact area between the cylinder wall and the piston.
3. Piston PinPiston Pin Definition
Also known as wrist pin or Gudgeon pin, the piston pin is the hollow or solidshaft in the skirt section. The piston rod pivots on this pin, held in the piston ring bushing. For tensile strength, piston pins areusually built from alloy steel and machined to fit the piston bearing. Holes in the connecting rod deliver oil to the wristpin, helping to reduce friction.
Piston pin assemblies and mounting styles vary. They can be categorized into 3 designs: free to revolve in both piston and connecting rod, clamped to connecting rod, and rigidly mounted to piston bosses.
Piston Pin Function
A piston pin forms the connection or pivotal point of the pistons andconnecting rod. They provide bearing support and help pistons to functionproperly. In other words, the pin facilitates the back and forth movement ofthe piston.
As we have seen, piston pins use three methods to mount on the piston assembly. These give rise to the following types of pins.
*Stationary/fixedpin– the pin attaches to the bosses of the piston via a screw. The piston rod then pivots on the pin.
*Semifloating– the pin attaches to the connecting rod in the middle, and the pin ends move freely within the piston bearing and at the bosses.
*Fullfloating– in this pin type, the pin is not attached to the pin or piston connecting rod. Instead, it is secured by plugs, clips, or snap ring attached to the piston bosses. The pin can then oscillate at the bosses as well as the rod.
4. Piston Head/CrownPiston Head Definition
Also known as the piston crown or dome, the headof a piston is its top surface. It is the part that comes into contact with thecombustiongases. As a result, itgets heated to extremely high temperatures. To prevent melting, piston head parts are made using special alloys, among them steelalloy.
A piston head is usually built with channels and cavities. These help to create a swirl that improves combustion. Different piston head types are used in different engines. Reasons for the differences vary. The preferred piston head design depends on many factors, such as expected performance and engine type.
Piston Head Functions
The crown, as it is also known, forms the surface that takes in thepressures, temperatures, and other stresses of the expanding gases. Among thepurposes it serves are:
*Creating swirl to make combustion uniform and regulate knocking
*Act as a heat barrier between the combustion chamber and the lower piston parts
*Contain the pressures resulting from knock in the cylinder
5. Connecting RodConnecting Rod Definition
Often shortenedto conrod or rod, the connecting rod is one ofthe most important piston parts. It links the piston to the engine’s crankshaft and movesthe piston in and out of the combustion chamber. Connecting rods have to bear alot of mechanical strain and should be sturdy enough. For this reason, theparts are mostly forged, although casting is also frequently used.
Automotive piston manufacturers often prefer steel to manufacture these rods. Alloy steel is also a popular conrod material, especially for high-performance engines. For milder engines, aluminum may be preferred for its lightweight nature. The rods of small engines such as scooters can even be made from iron.
Connecting Rod Function
Theconrod rotates the crankshaft, producing the motion that enables a vehicle tomove. In some engines, the piston rod features a hole or bore to deliver lubricating oilto the cylinder walls and wrist pin. Manufacturers make conrods in variousdesigns. Versions include cracked joint, milled joint, straight and angledseparation rod, and the parallel and tapered rod design.
Theconnecting rod is divided into several parts. They are:
*Smallend– it is the smaller end of the rod. It consists of the rod eye and piston bushing. The small end links to the piston via the piston pin.
*Bigend– the big end is the part opposite the small end of the conrod. It connects to the crankshaft and features a slit design to allow it to be mounted.
*Connectingrodbeam– this is the section between the small and big parts of the rod. Usually a double T construction, the beam may or may not contain an oil bore to channel lubricant to the cylinder.
6. Connecting Rod BoltConnecting Rod Bolt Definition
Alsoin the list of piston parts is the conrod bolt. These bolts clamp the rod to thecrankshaft. The bottom end of rod bolts bolt are rod caps and bearings, held inplace by a nut. A cotter pin on the nut prevents the assembly from comingundone.
Conrod bolts are usually made from steel. In applications where weight reduction is an essential feature, aluminum bolts care common. The rod can also be made from nickel. Nickel connecting rod bolts are stronger and mostly used in heavy-duty rods.
Connecting Rod Bolt Function
Aswe have seen, the bolts secure the connecting rod to the crankshaft. They helpthe rod to withstand the strain caused by the rotating crankshaft. In theirabsence, the rod would break down affect the working of other engine parts. The rods guide every pistonstroke, ensuring smooth engine operation.
Conrodbolts are made with the ability to bend a little under the action of the piston and crankshaft movements. Thatprotects the rod caps from collapsing due to the extreme strain caused by themoving crankshaft and piston.
Connecting rod bolts come in a variety of designs. They can be hexagonal, round, flat or an embossed design. Some come threaded others unthreaded. Threaded bolts make the best parts due to their firmer grip.
7. Piston Bearings
The bearings are piston parts that are locatedat the points where pivotal rotation takes place. The are usually semicircularmetal pieces that fit in the bores of these points. Piston bearings include theshells found at the big end where the rod connects to the crankshaft. There arealso bearings at the small end where the rod links to the piston.
Piston bearings are usually manufactured using composite metals like lead copper, silicone aluminum, and others. The bearings are often coated to improve hardness and enable them to bear the load of piston and connecting rod movements.
Piston Parts Questions
1. Do engine pistons havereturn springs?
No, they do not. A piston return spring is not required in these pistons. However, you will find the springs in drum brake assemblies. Here, they help to retract the brake shoes when you release the brake pedal.
2. What is pistonliner?
It is a kind of liner installed on the walls of an engine cylinder.Usually made of superior material than that of the cylinder bore, the linerprovides a hard-wearing surface. Car owners install it to either protect thecylinder or repair it when rebuildingthe engine.
Because the liner is replaceable, using it increases engine life. A piston liner is also called piston sleeve and does not form part of piston assembly. You will also find it going by the name cylinder liner or sleeve.
3.What piston parts canbe replaced?
Most piston assembly components can be changed. They include piston rings, piston bearings, piston rod bolts, and several other parts. Thesecan be purchased individually or as a piston kit.
Piston rings wear quickly. They are one of the most replaced piston parts. When damaged, these rings cause various piston and engine problems. That can lead to extra costs. Given that the piston ring price is only a few hundred dollars, replacing these parts can save you from expensive repairs.
4. What is the cost ofreplacing pistonparts?
The amount can exceed $1000 or even $2000. Piston kit price or that of individual components may be low, but notso the amount you pay a mechanic to do the job. Replacing anything hiddenwithin the engine block involves several hours of work, which iswhy it costs a lot.
Add that to the fact that there is usually a pistonset to change, and the amount can be pretty high. You canchoose to replace the piston or piston parts yourself, of course. However, youwould need the right tools, which include the following:
A piston ringcompressor to install therings, a micrometer to pistonmeasurement, and a feelergauge set to measure piston and piston ring clearance. You may also need a piston ringfiler to hone the rings to thecorrect specifications. You also need to understand how to replace the pistoncorrectly. (we have a whole article dedicated to piston installation process). There are many piston types on the automotive piston market.
To find the right one for your engine, scour the websites of manufacturers. They usually provide an automotive pistons catalog. These contain invaluable information regarding the specific piston you may be looking for. That includes piston size chart for piston to cylinder clearance, piston depth chart, and more. You will also have the chance to piston price across sellers.
Conclusion
Havinglooked at piston parts,you now know how eachcomponent looks like as well as its location on the piston assembly. We have more articles on the automotive piston and youcan browse through them. The articles cover several topics, including piston measurement when rebuilding your engine. And iflooking for the right piston for your car engine, we have a full-length articleabout piston types. Method of expanding pistons Download PDFInfoPublication numberUS2289941AUS2289941AUS38904541AUS2289941AUS 2289941 AUS2289941 AUS 2289941AUS 38904541 AUS38904541 AUS 38904541AUS 2289941 AUS2289941 AUS 2289941AAuthorityUSUnited StatesPrior art keywordspistonskirtpistonspressuremetalPrior art dateLegal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)Expired - LifetimeApplication numberInventorHarold K SwitzerOriginal AssigneeHarold K SwitzerPriority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)Filing datePublication datePriority to US350426ApriorityCriticalpatent/US2341959A/enApplication filed by Harold K SwitzerfiledCriticalHarold K SwitzerPriority to US38904541prioritypatent/US2289941A/enApplication grantedgrantedCriticalPublication of US2289941ApublicationCriticalpatent/US2289941A/enAnticipated expirationlegal-statusCriticalExpired - Lifetimelegal-statusCriticalCurrentLinks229910052751metalsInorganic materials0.000description20239000002184metalsSubstances0.000description20238000005096rolling processMethods0.000description6229910000838Al alloysInorganic materials0.000description3229910001018Cast ironInorganic materials0.000description3239000007787solidsSubstances0.000description3229910000831SteelInorganic materials0.000description2238000002485combustion reactionsMethods0.000description2239000000463materialsSubstances0.000description2238000000034methodsMethods0.000description2230000004048modificationEffects0.000description2238000006011modification reactionsMethods0.000description2239000003921oilsSubstances0.000description2238000003825pressingMethods0.000description2239000010959steelSubstances0.000description2230000037250ClearanceEffects0.000description1210000003414ExtremitiesAnatomy0.000description1229910052782aluminiumInorganic materials0.000description1XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-NaluminumChemical compounddata:image/svg+xml;base64,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Piston parts, unlike designs and material, do not vary across different pistons. They remain the same with differences only in their sizes.
*Slots In Pistons Can Be Used For Cash
*Slots In Pistons Can Be Used For
*Slots In Pistons Can Be Used For A
In the slot type pistons the practice of the method of the invention ever, the bulging is outwardly so that the result in all cases is to spread the slot to apoint where it approximates its. Wavy expander ring directs oil go holes or slots in piston back to crankcase. Connect the piston to the rod 3 connection design types: stationary, semi. Racing pistons are manufactured from aluminum forgings. Certainly plenty of racing occurs with cast and hypereutectic pistons, but only where class rules forbid aluminum forgings. This book deals with high-level racing engines, so this discussion primarily pertains to forged racing pistons. With the exception of clearances and certain performance features, cast and hypereutectic pistons can.
This article explores the automotive piston assembly components, detailing the function of each.
To make identifying each part easy, we added images in the descriptions.
Piston components extend all the way from the part bordering the combustion chamber to the end that connects to the crankshaft. Collectively, these parts make the piston assembly.
These are the components we will focus on. Before proceeding, here is a diagram showing all piston parts.
Now, on to a detailed description of each component.
1. Piston RingPiston Ring Definition
Piston ringsare pieces of split rings that mount on a recessed area of the piston. Thereare usually 3 piston rings in a typical car engine. The number varies, and a pistoncan even have one ring. The areas or surfaces between these rings arecalled piston ring lands. The ring mounting grooves are designed to maintain the piston ring position, andyou may hear something like tapered construction.
The split design of the piston ring has several benefits. It allows for spring action, which helps the rings to maintain the correct piston ring gap. The split also makes piston ring installation easy. To ensure spring constant under heat, load, pressures, and other conditions, manufacturers prefer cast iron or pieces of steel for piston rings material.
Piston Ring Function
The primary function of piston rings is to seal off the combustionchamber and regulate lubricating oil usage. The rings also serve to conductheat away to the cylinderbore. As mentionedbefore, most vehicle engine pistons feature three rings; two upper compressionrings and a lower oil ring. For clarity, the different rings are explainedbelow.
*Compressionring– this is the top side ring and nearest the combustion chamber. It is also called the gas or pressure ring. The ring prevents combustion gases from leaking. Compression rings also help transfer heat from the piston to the walls of the cylinder.
*Scraper/wiperring– this is located between the compression and oil rings. It features a tapered surface and serves the function of both rings: to seal the combustion chamber and to wipe oil off the walls of the piston cylinder.
*Oilcontrolring– the piston oil ring is the lower ring on the piston. It consists of two thin surfaces, with holes all around. The slots allow oil to flow back into the sump. As its name suggests, the function of the piston oil control ring is to remove excess oil from the cylinder walls. It does that as the piston works back and forth.
2. Piston SkirtPiston Skirt Definition
The skirt of a piston refers to the cylindrical material mounted on the round section of a piston. The part is usually made from cast iron material due to its excellent wear resistance and self-lubricating properties. The skirt contains the grooves to mount the piston oil ring as well as compression rings. Piston skirts come in different styles to suit specific applications.
Piston Skirt Function
The skirt guides the piston as it travels up and down the cylinder.Its design helps the pistonto overcome the side forces created by the changing angle of the connecting rod. If the skirt is worn, obtaining a proper pistonseal for efficientcombustion would prove difficult.
Thepiston would also rock in the cylinder uncontrollably and cause piston slap. When thathappens, you may hear the infamous piston slap noise, especially during cold starts. Piston slap willoften go away after the engine has warmed. That is because the resultingresulting expansion closes the gap between piston and cylinder.
Ifthe noise does not stop, the cylinder may need to be tightened, among othermeasures. Otherwise, the problem does not present much danger, and you maydrive your car if the noise only appears when starting the engine.
There are two main types ofpiston skirts:
*Full skirt
It is also known as solid skirt. The full skirt features a tubular shape. It is commonly used in the engines of large automobiles.
*Slipper skirt
The type of piston skirt is used on the pistons of motorcycles and some cars. Vegas world free texas holdem poker. It has part of the skirt cut away to leave only the surfaces on the back and front of the cylinder wall. This helps to reduce weight and minimize the contact area between the cylinder wall and the piston.
3. Piston PinPiston Pin Definition
Also known as wrist pin or Gudgeon pin, the piston pin is the hollow or solidshaft in the skirt section. The piston rod pivots on this pin, held in the piston ring bushing. For tensile strength, piston pins areusually built from alloy steel and machined to fit the piston bearing. Holes in the connecting rod deliver oil to the wristpin, helping to reduce friction.
Piston pin assemblies and mounting styles vary. They can be categorized into 3 designs: free to revolve in both piston and connecting rod, clamped to connecting rod, and rigidly mounted to piston bosses.
Piston Pin Function
A piston pin forms the connection or pivotal point of the pistons andconnecting rod. They provide bearing support and help pistons to functionproperly. In other words, the pin facilitates the back and forth movement ofthe piston.
As we have seen, piston pins use three methods to mount on the piston assembly. These give rise to the following types of pins.
*Stationary/fixedpin– the pin attaches to the bosses of the piston via a screw. The piston rod then pivots on the pin.
*Semifloating– the pin attaches to the connecting rod in the middle, and the pin ends move freely within the piston bearing and at the bosses.
*Fullfloating– in this pin type, the pin is not attached to the pin or piston connecting rod. Instead, it is secured by plugs, clips, or snap ring attached to the piston bosses. The pin can then oscillate at the bosses as well as the rod.
4. Piston Head/CrownPiston Head Definition
Also known as the piston crown or dome, the headof a piston is its top surface. It is the part that comes into contact with thecombustiongases. As a result, itgets heated to extremely high temperatures. To prevent melting, piston head parts are made using special alloys, among them steelalloy.
A piston head is usually built with channels and cavities. These help to create a swirl that improves combustion. Different piston head types are used in different engines. Reasons for the differences vary. The preferred piston head design depends on many factors, such as expected performance and engine type.
Piston Head Functions
The crown, as it is also known, forms the surface that takes in thepressures, temperatures, and other stresses of the expanding gases. Among thepurposes it serves are:
*Creating swirl to make combustion uniform and regulate knocking
*Act as a heat barrier between the combustion chamber and the lower piston parts
*Contain the pressures resulting from knock in the cylinder
5. Connecting RodConnecting Rod Definition
Often shortenedto conrod or rod, the connecting rod is one ofthe most important piston parts. It links the piston to the engine’s crankshaft and movesthe piston in and out of the combustion chamber. Connecting rods have to bear alot of mechanical strain and should be sturdy enough. For this reason, theparts are mostly forged, although casting is also frequently used.
Automotive piston manufacturers often prefer steel to manufacture these rods. Alloy steel is also a popular conrod material, especially for high-performance engines. For milder engines, aluminum may be preferred for its lightweight nature. The rods of small engines such as scooters can even be made from iron.
Connecting Rod Function
Theconrod rotates the crankshaft, producing the motion that enables a vehicle tomove. In some engines, the piston rod features a hole or bore to deliver lubricating oilto the cylinder walls and wrist pin. Manufacturers make conrods in variousdesigns. Versions include cracked joint, milled joint, straight and angledseparation rod, and the parallel and tapered rod design.
Theconnecting rod is divided into several parts. They are:
*Smallend– it is the smaller end of the rod. It consists of the rod eye and piston bushing. The small end links to the piston via the piston pin.
*Bigend– the big end is the part opposite the small end of the conrod. It connects to the crankshaft and features a slit design to allow it to be mounted.
*Connectingrodbeam– this is the section between the small and big parts of the rod. Usually a double T construction, the beam may or may not contain an oil bore to channel lubricant to the cylinder.
6. Connecting Rod BoltConnecting Rod Bolt Definition
Alsoin the list of piston parts is the conrod bolt. These bolts clamp the rod to thecrankshaft. The bottom end of rod bolts bolt are rod caps and bearings, held inplace by a nut. A cotter pin on the nut prevents the assembly from comingundone.
Conrod bolts are usually made from steel. In applications where weight reduction is an essential feature, aluminum bolts care common. The rod can also be made from nickel. Nickel connecting rod bolts are stronger and mostly used in heavy-duty rods.
Connecting Rod Bolt Function
Aswe have seen, the bolts secure the connecting rod to the crankshaft. They helpthe rod to withstand the strain caused by the rotating crankshaft. In theirabsence, the rod would break down affect the working of other engine parts. The rods guide every pistonstroke, ensuring smooth engine operation.
Conrodbolts are made with the ability to bend a little under the action of the piston and crankshaft movements. Thatprotects the rod caps from collapsing due to the extreme strain caused by themoving crankshaft and piston.
Connecting rod bolts come in a variety of designs. They can be hexagonal, round, flat or an embossed design. Some come threaded others unthreaded. Threaded bolts make the best parts due to their firmer grip.
7. Piston Bearings
The bearings are piston parts that are locatedat the points where pivotal rotation takes place. The are usually semicircularmetal pieces that fit in the bores of these points. Piston bearings include theshells found at the big end where the rod connects to the crankshaft. There arealso bearings at the small end where the rod links to the piston.
Piston bearings are usually manufactured using composite metals like lead copper, silicone aluminum, and others. The bearings are often coated to improve hardness and enable them to bear the load of piston and connecting rod movements.
Piston Parts Questions
1. Do engine pistons havereturn springs?
No, they do not. A piston return spring is not required in these pistons. However, you will find the springs in drum brake assemblies. Here, they help to retract the brake shoes when you release the brake pedal.
2. What is pistonliner?
It is a kind of liner installed on the walls of an engine cylinder.Usually made of superior material than that of the cylinder bore, the linerprovides a hard-wearing surface. Car owners install it to either protect thecylinder or repair it when rebuildingthe engine.
Because the liner is replaceable, using it increases engine life. A piston liner is also called piston sleeve and does not form part of piston assembly. You will also find it going by the name cylinder liner or sleeve.
3.What piston parts canbe replaced?
Most piston assembly components can be changed. They include piston rings, piston bearings, piston rod bolts, and several other parts. Thesecan be purchased individually or as a piston kit.
Piston rings wear quickly. They are one of the most replaced piston parts. When damaged, these rings cause various piston and engine problems. That can lead to extra costs. Given that the piston ring price is only a few hundred dollars, replacing these parts can save you from expensive repairs.
4. What is the cost ofreplacing pistonparts?
The amount can exceed $1000 or even $2000. Piston kit price or that of individual components may be low, but notso the amount you pay a mechanic to do the job. Replacing anything hiddenwithin the engine block involves several hours of work, which iswhy it costs a lot.
Add that to the fact that there is usually a pistonset to change, and the amount can be pretty high. You canchoose to replace the piston or piston parts yourself, of course. However, youwould need the right tools, which include the following:
A piston ringcompressor to install therings, a micrometer to pistonmeasurement, and a feelergauge set to measure piston and piston ring clearance. You may also need a piston ringfiler to hone the rings to thecorrect specifications. You also need to understand how to replace the pistoncorrectly. (we have a whole article dedicated to piston installation process). There are many piston types on the automotive piston market.
To find the right one for your engine, scour the websites of manufacturers. They usually provide an automotive pistons catalog. These contain invaluable information regarding the specific piston you may be looking for. That includes piston size chart for piston to cylinder clearance, piston depth chart, and more. You will also have the chance to piston price across sellers.
Conclusion
Havinglooked at piston parts,you now know how eachcomponent looks like as well as its location on the piston assembly. We have more articles on the automotive piston and youcan browse through them. The articles cover several topics, including piston measurement when rebuilding your engine. And iflooking for the right piston for your car engine, we have a full-length articleabout piston types. Method of expanding pistons Download PDFInfoPublication numberUS2289941AUS2289941AUS38904541AUS2289941AUS 2289941 AUS2289941 AUS 2289941AUS 38904541 AUS38904541 AUS 38904541AUS 2289941 AUS2289941 AUS 2289941AAuthorityUSUnited StatesPrior art keywordspistonskirtpistonspressuremetalPrior art dateLegal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)Expired - LifetimeApplication numberInventorHarold K SwitzerOriginal AssigneeHarold K SwitzerPriority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)Filing datePublication datePriority to US350426ApriorityCriticalpatent/US2341959A/enApplication filed by Harold K SwitzerfiledCriticalHarold K SwitzerPriority to US38904541prioritypatent/US2289941A/enApplication grantedgrantedCriticalPublication of US2289941ApublicationCriticalpatent/US2289941A/enAnticipated expirationlegal-statusCriticalExpired - Lifetimelegal-statusCriticalCurrentLinks229910052751metalsInorganic materials0.000description20239000002184metalsSubstances0.000description20238000005096rolling processMethods0.000description6229910000838Al alloysInorganic materials0.000description3229910001018Cast ironInorganic materials0.000description3239000007787solidsSubstances0.000description3229910000831SteelInorganic materials0.000description2238000002485combustion reactionsMethods0.000description2239000000463materialsSubstances0.000description2238000000034methodsMethods0.000description2230000004048modificationEffects0.000description2238000006011modification reactionsMethods0.000description2239000003921oilsSubstances0.000description2238000003825pressingMethods0.000description2239000010959steelSubstances0.000description2230000037250ClearanceEffects0.000description1210000003414ExtremitiesAnatomy0.000description1229910052782aluminiumInorganic materials0.000description1XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-NaluminumChemical compounddata:image/svg+xml;base64,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Slots are, without a doubt, the most played game at online casinos, but are there any options to play for free in the USA? Fortunately for the fans of free play, some sites provide such options, and in this guide, we’ll provide more in-depth information about them.
Welcome to the BEST Vegas casino games of 2020, Heart of Vegas, featuring classic Vegas casino slots by Aristocrat!Come and play your favorite real casino games and go for the Jackpot! In the newest release Heart of Vegas brings you Dragon Link from the original LIGHTNING LINK™ slots games with Lightning-fast Jackpots, Free. Free spins on stunning video slots games from 777 Las Vegas casinos ⭐️Spin the reels of Giant Wheel online casino slots games and compete in free slots machines online casino tournaments! ⭐️Play red white blue slots in autospin mode and relax while you win casino coins! ⭐️Collect wild symbols in Mystic Moon new casino slot machine!
*Jan 29, 2021 Vegas Slots offers hundreds of REAL Las Vegas style slot online for free play. Simply choose the game you’d like to play. All free, all the time, at VegasSlots.org. All of our games are no download and you don’t need to register an account.
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Having access to world-class reel-spinning games without the need to deposit any dollars is always preferable in cases when you want to explore any particular online slots. Without further ado, let’s see which the top free slots USA operators are and what you’re about to find here!PlaytechNextgenNetEntRealistic GamesPlay’n GOScientific GamesQuickspinELK StudiosBest Rated for the USPage: 0 / 0
Apart from operator information, we’ll have a look at the bonus features of free slots in the USA, as well as their compatibility with mobile technology. You can also expect an overview of the available software providers as well as other interesting information. Stay with us until the end if you want to find the best free casino slot games in the USA!
*Top Free Slot Gamesfor US Players
*Free Mobile Slot Apptop-rated in the USAThe Best Free Slot Sites in the USA – 2021‘s Top US Social Casinos
Finding free slots USA operators isn’t all that common as casinos are usually more focused on real money play. However, there are some platforms where you can play free and slot players can explore the selection of games without the need to deposit any funds. In the following tables, we’ve listed the free online casinos that matter, so check out their specifics!
Free Slot Sites in the USA All Sites Licensed and RegulatedFree Slot Game Sites USA NJ Free Slot Sites PA Free Slot Sites US Social CasinosUS Free Slot CasinoCasino RatingUSA Sign Up OfferLegal in StatesSecure US LinkTerms and ConditionsHard Rock 4.95/5100% up to $1,000 + 50 Free Spins New JerseyPlay Here!New players only. Minimum deposit $20, maximum bonus $1000. You need to opt in to claim the offer. The offer cannot be combined with any other offer. 100% deposit match, 20x wagering (bonus+deposit). 14 days bonus validity. Game weighting applies.888casino4.90/5120% up to $500 + $20 Free BonusNew JerseyPlay Here!New players only. One-time offer valid from 2/26/20 – 12/31/22, 19:00 EST. Bonus is only valid if claimed by communication within 48 hours. Bonus must be wagered 30 times within 60 days from granting. Wagering contributions apply and vary by game. Bonus is valid for Casino games only. Withdrawal restrictions and full terms & conditions apply. 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Deposit a minimum of $10 in cash and place a First Wager to be eligible to receive either one of the following: (1) if their Net Loss exceeds 90% of their First Deposit at any time within seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their First Deposit, up to a maximum of $100 in cash, or (2) if their Net Loss does not exceed 90% of their First Deposit after the conclusion of the seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their Net Loss, up to a maximum of $100 in cash.Unibet4.75/5$10 Free Play + $500 Bonus use code: UBCASINO500New Jersey, PennsylvaniaPlay Here!New players only. $10 free play bonus after signup with promo code UBCASINO10. First deposit welcome bonus 100% up to $500 with promo code UBCASINO500. 25x wagering requirement on casino games only. Terms & consditions apply. 21+ Free Slot CasinoCasino RatingNJ Sign Up OfferFree Slots HighlightSecure NJ LinkTerms and ConditionsHard Rock 4.95/5100% up to $1,000 + 50 Free Spins Top-Rated NJ Free Slots Casino Play Here!New players only. Minimum deposit $20, maximum bonus $1000. You need to opt in to claim the offer. The offer cannot be combined with any other offer. 100% deposit match, 20x wagering (bonus+deposit). 14 days bonus validity. Game weighting applies.888casino4.90/5120% up to $500 + $20 Free BonusGreat Proprietary Free SlotsPlay Here!New players only. One-time offer valid from 2/26/20 – 12/31/22, 19:00 EST. Bonus is only valid if claimed by communication within 48 hours. Bonus must be wagered 30 times within 60 days from granting. Wagering contributions apply and vary by game. Bonus is valid for Casino games only. Withdrawal restrictions and full terms & conditions apply. Virgin Casino4.85/5Up to $100 Real Cash BackGreat Free Slots Features Play Here!New players only. Deposit a minimum of $10 in cash and place a First Wager to be eligible to receive either one of the following: (1) if their Net Loss exceeds 90% of their First Deposit at any time within seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their First Deposit, up to a maximum of $100 in cash, or (2) if their Net Loss does not exceed 90% of their First Deposit after the conclusion of the seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their Net Loss, up to a maximum of $100 in cash.Tropicana4.80/5Up to $100 Real Cash BackExcellent Free Slots VarietyPlay Here!New players only. Deposit a minimum of $10 in cash and place a First Wager to be eligible to receive either one of the following: (1) if their Net Loss exceeds 90% of their First Deposit at any time within seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their First Deposit, up to a maximum of $100 in cash, or (2) if their Net Loss does not exceed 90% of their First Deposit after the conclusion of the seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their Net Loss, up to a maximum of $100 in cash.Unibet4.75/5$10 Free Play + $500 Bonus use code: UBCASINO500Best No Deposit Slot BonusPlay Here!New players only. $10 free play bonus after signup with promo code UBCASINO10. First deposit welcome bonus 100% up to $500 with promo code UBCASINO500. 25x wagering requirement on casino games only. Terms & consditions apply. 21+ Pennsylvania Free Slot CasinoCasino RatingPA Sign Up OfferFree Slots HighlightSecure PA LinkTerms and ConditionsUnibet4.95/5100% up to $1000 + $50 Free PlayHigh Payout Rates in PAPlay Here!New players only. $10 free play bonus after signup with promo code UBCASINO10. First deposit welcome bonus 100% up to $500 with promo code UBCASINO500. 25x wagering requirement on casino games only. Terms & consditions apply. 21+ US Social Casino SitesCasino RatingNew US Player BonusSocial Casino HighlightSafe US LinkSlotomania4.95/5100% More Coins on your 1st purchaseTop-Rated Social CasinoPlay Here!House of Fun 4.90/51000 Coins or 100 Free Spins for New PlayersBest Social Slots BonusPlay Here!Caesars Slots 4.85/5Get 100 Free Spins New Players GiftGreat Vegas Free SlotsPlay Here!Last Updated on 12.01.2021 by Author Kenneth Warren
If you’re eager to find out how we vetted these online casinos, let us tell you that it wasn’t an easy task! Still, with the proper criteria, the process was made easier as we looked at the number of free slots, as well as the casino bonuses that complemented them. We also prepared state-specific guides for New Jersey free slots and PA free slots. Apart from that, software providers were also an important factor as well as mobile slots games and more!The Top US Free Slot Sites & Social Casinos in Detail
The free play slots USA operators we’ve chosen excel in a particular category, and have competitive advantages over the others, making this selection all that more appealing. Of course, the value lies in the details we’re about to present to you below, so check them out and see which operator would be most preferable for your style!
*Hard Rock (Great for Free Slot Tournaments)
*888casino (Excellent USA Slot Casino Site)
*Virgin Casino (One of the Best Free Slots Varieties in the USA)
*Tropicana (Top-Rated US Jackpot Selection of Free Slots)
*Unibet (Best Free No Deposit Bonus and Excellent Free Slots)
Apart from the set of criteria we used, we also took into consideration US player feedback as well. After all, what matters the most is whether the slots players’ preferences for free online casino games have been met. Since customer rating is most important for the different online casino products, we have a separate ranking for the best real money slot sites in the USA which we encourage you to check as well!The Best Free Online Slots Demo Available in the USA
Demo versions of slots are the main attraction for fans of playing free, but what is the best demo one can try? Surely, there are thousands of slots that provide great gameplay, unique features, and outstanding bonuses, but, in our opinion, the one which matters the most is provided below:IGT Instant Play > Start! Play Free Demo Version Directly in Your BrowserVegas Slots Free Casino Usa Casino
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We prefer this free slot online due to its high RTP rates, great bonus features, and ancient graphics. Having in mind that a top software provider also creates it makes us like the game even more. Apart from that, this free slot USA game is tested and verified by a third-party company, which ensures that fairness and transparency are up to standards.The Best Free Slots to Play for Fun in the USA – Top 10 Free US Online Slot Games
Next in our free play slots USA review, we would like to present to you the top-rated reel-spinning options one can find. The criteria we used in this evaluation include the most important slot fundamentals – RTP rates, minimum and maximum bets, bonuses, and pay lines. Apart from that, we’ve provided information on where you can play these exciting slots for free, so make sure to try them out – they’re worth it!US Free SlotsRTPMin BetMax BetFree SpinsPaylinesPlay for Free atButterfly Staxx96.80%$0.20$400Up to 7 Butterfly Spins40 fixed888casinoStarburst96.01%$0.10$100Up to 3 Re-Spins10TropicanaCats94.93%$0.01$30010 Free Spins30888casinoHotline97.04%$0.15$4507 Free Spins + Re-spins30Virgin CasinoCleopatra95.02%$0.20$40015 Free Spins20UnibetBlood Suckers 296.94%$0.25$25015 Free Spins25 fixedTropicanaGonzo’s Quest96.00%$0.20$20010 Free Falls20 fixedUnibetDivine Fortune96.59%$0.20$200Up to 12 Free Spins20 fixedHard RockTwin Spin96.60%$0.25$125No243 fixedVirgin CasinoDa Vinci Diamonds94.93%$0.20$200Up to 15 Free Spins20 fixed888casino
The most common feature these free slot machines have is the fact that almost all of them, except one, have free spin features. Players widely prefer this, but that doesn’t mean that this type of bonus is the most favored one. Expanding wilds and multipliers are also other characteristics USA slot fans are looking for, and in the next paragraphs, we’ll have a look at the best reel-spinning free slot machines in terms of their features.Details for the Top Free Slot Games for US Players
Each one of the top free play slots USA online casinos provides is suitable for a specific audience, depending on preferences, gameplay, and features. That’s why in the following list, you can see the outlined advantages of the reel-spinning games American players can take advantage of:
*Buterfly Staxx (Great Respin Feature for US Slot Fans)
*Starburst (One of the Most Popular US Free Slot Machines)
*Cats (Great Free Slot for American Low Limit Players)
*Hotline (Excellent RTP Rate for US Players)
*Cleopatra (Top-Rated Free Slots Machine for United States Players)
*Blood Suckers 2 (Great Free Spins Slot Game)
*Gonzo’s Quest (Among the Best Free Play Slots in the USA)
*Divine Fortune (Excellent Progressive Jackpot Slot Machine)
*Twin Spin (Best No Bonus Free Play Slot for US Fans)
*Da Vinci Diamonds (Great Max Payout of 100,000x Your Bet Size)
We are sure you would agree that reading about the features of these wonderful free slots can’t be compared with trying them out for yourself. That’s why we encourage our readers to explore them at the USA’s best free slots casinos where other benefits also await!US Demo Slot Machines with a Free Spins Feature
One of the most widespread bonuses are free spins and there are lots of social slots that provide such a feature. However, the best is yet to come, and we do mean it – the top 10 online slot machines with the best free spin features wait to be explored! Make sure to check them in the following list where you can find their availability and try them out for yourself!
*Divine Fortune – 5-12 Free Spins (Available at Hard Rock Casino)
*Dead or Alive – 12 Free Spins (Available at 888Casino)
*Blood Suckers – 10 Free Spins (Available at Virgin Casino)
*Guns N’ Roses – 10 Free Spins (Available at Tropicana Casino)
*Narcos – 10 Free Spins (Available at Unibet)
*Gorilla Go Wilder – 10 Free Spins (Available at Hard Rock Casino)
*Big Foot – 10 Free Spins (Available at Unibet)
*Anchormen – 12 Free Spins (Available at Tropicana Casino)
*Fire Qween – Up to 20 Free Spins (Available at Virgin Casino)
*Druid’s Dream – 6 Free Spins with Re-Spins Feature (Available at 888Casino)
Such bonus features from these free online slots USA players can enjoy are usually triggered by scatter symbols. Bear in mind that in almost all cases, you’ll need to land at least three scatters, and the number of free spins might depend on the number of these special symbols. Furthermore, while you’re enjoying this bonus feature, you might even be granted additional multipliers.Bonus Features of the Best Free Online Slot Games USA
The best slot machine games come not only come with great bonus spins, but they can also provide various features that might grab your attention. Expanding wilds, multipliers, re-spins, and many more await those of you who would like to enter a world of reel-spinning perks, combined with great graphics and excellent gameplay. Let’s see some of the most interesting features at free play slots casinos in the USA!
*Ghostbusters Plus – Ghost Battle (Available at Hard Rock Casino)
*Super Striker – Bet Slip Feature ( Available at 888Casino)
*Cash Spin – Moneybag Bonus (Available at Virgin Casino)
*Asgardian Stones – Avalanche Feature (Available at Tropicana Casino)
*Giant Gems – Fortune Spins (Available at Unibet)
Various bonus features of different free play slots USA casinos provide may make you feel like you’re playing completely unique games. The abundance is so wide and innovative that you will surely be surprised by the creativity provided by software companies. Apart from that, you can also come across gamble features and many other perks that can skyrocket your winnings! Plot again crossword puzzle clue.Other Free Casino Games for US Players
Slots download pc. Despite the fact that free casino video slots are most widespread, there are other wager-free games available at US operators. Those include classic table options such as baccarat, roulette, blackjack, and many more that we encourage you to explore. Since we’ve mentioned how important it is to choose the right operator, be sure to go through our guide about the best online casinos in the USA!How to Play Slots Online for Free in the USA
If there is a game that doesn’t require almost any effort and is easy to play for free at the same time, that would be free slot machines for sure. Although there are a couple of things you need to take into consideration, playing free slots online has never been more convenient for players. Make sure you’re aware of the pay lines, special symbols, and overall paytable of your chosen games, and you’ll be good to go!
Due to the ever-growing popularity of slots, they can be divided into various categories, and some are more popular than others. Fruit machines are a classic that can always be seen at the best online slots casinos, Egyptian and Vegas slots are also added in the mix as well as penny slots – a great alternative for low-limit players. However, these reel-spinning games are a part of land-based action as well, and even some of the best casino resorts like the Wynn or the Borgata offer them. Bear in mind that playing free online slots is easier as you can focus your attention only on the games you’re playing without having to deal with unnecessary distractions like the ones present at shiny casino floors.Free Mobile Slots on Android and iPhone
Since most players prefer to enter online casinos from the comfort of their phone, it’s time to explore mobile games. Playing on the go has become a necessity for all operators that want to be competitive in the gambling market, regardless of whether we’re talking about real money wagering or free play. That’s why all of our top suggestions are compatible with iOS and Android devices, including tablets, and various brands such as iPhone, Sam
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Slots are, without a doubt, the most played game at online casinos, but are there any options to play for free in the USA? Fortunately for the fans of free play, some sites provide such options, and in this guide, we’ll provide more in-depth information about them.
Welcome to the BEST Vegas casino games of 2020, Heart of Vegas, featuring classic Vegas casino slots by Aristocrat!Come and play your favorite real casino games and go for the Jackpot! In the newest release Heart of Vegas brings you Dragon Link from the original LIGHTNING LINK™ slots games with Lightning-fast Jackpots, Free. Free spins on stunning video slots games from 777 Las Vegas casinos ⭐️Spin the reels of Giant Wheel online casino slots games and compete in free slots machines online casino tournaments! ⭐️Play red white blue slots in autospin mode and relax while you win casino coins! ⭐️Collect wild symbols in Mystic Moon new casino slot machine!
*Jan 29, 2021 Vegas Slots offers hundreds of REAL Las Vegas style slot online for free play. Simply choose the game you’d like to play. All free, all the time, at VegasSlots.org. All of our games are no download and you don’t need to register an account.
*Bring Las Vegas Home! Spin the reels and enjoy real Vegas casino slot action! Start playing today and instantly get access to the most exclusive, authentic slots on the go! Receive FREE WELCOME COINS and special perks just for playing, for FREE! Show Me Vegas Slots gives you instant access to exclusive real slot machine games played in casinos around the world. INTRODUCING HOT BINGO: Collect.
*300 free slots of vegas. Premier Online Casino Benefits- leading online gambling establishments for United States players will use and promote their benefits and promotion offerings. Not all of them.
Having access to world-class reel-spinning games without the need to deposit any dollars is always preferable in cases when you want to explore any particular online slots. Without further ado, let’s see which the top free slots USA operators are and what you’re about to find here!PlaytechNextgenNetEntRealistic GamesPlay’n GOScientific GamesQuickspinELK StudiosBest Rated for the USPage: 0 / 0
Apart from operator information, we’ll have a look at the bonus features of free slots in the USA, as well as their compatibility with mobile technology. You can also expect an overview of the available software providers as well as other interesting information. Stay with us until the end if you want to find the best free casino slot games in the USA!
*Top Free Slot Gamesfor US Players
*Free Mobile Slot Apptop-rated in the USAThe Best Free Slot Sites in the USA – 2021‘s Top US Social Casinos
Finding free slots USA operators isn’t all that common as casinos are usually more focused on real money play. However, there are some platforms where you can play free and slot players can explore the selection of games without the need to deposit any funds. In the following tables, we’ve listed the free online casinos that matter, so check out their specifics!
Free Slot Sites in the USA All Sites Licensed and RegulatedFree Slot Game Sites USA NJ Free Slot Sites PA Free Slot Sites US Social CasinosUS Free Slot CasinoCasino RatingUSA Sign Up OfferLegal in StatesSecure US LinkTerms and ConditionsHard Rock 4.95/5100% up to $1,000 + 50 Free Spins New JerseyPlay Here!New players only. Minimum deposit $20, maximum bonus $1000. You need to opt in to claim the offer. The offer cannot be combined with any other offer. 100% deposit match, 20x wagering (bonus+deposit). 14 days bonus validity. Game weighting applies.888casino4.90/5120% up to $500 + $20 Free BonusNew JerseyPlay Here!New players only. One-time offer valid from 2/26/20 – 12/31/22, 19:00 EST. Bonus is only valid if claimed by communication within 48 hours. Bonus must be wagered 30 times within 60 days from granting. Wagering contributions apply and vary by game. Bonus is valid for Casino games only. Withdrawal restrictions and full terms & conditions apply. Virgin Casino4.85/5Up to $100 Real Cash BackNew JerseyPlay Here!New players only. Deposit a minimum of $10 in cash and place a First Wager to be eligible to receive either one of the following: (1) if their Net Loss exceeds 90% of their First Deposit at any time within seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their First Deposit, up to a maximum of $100 in cash, or (2) if their Net Loss does not exceed 90% of their First Deposit after the conclusion of the seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their Net Loss, up to a maximum of $100 in cash.Tropicana4.80/5Up to $100 Real Cash BackNew JerseyPlay Here!New players only. Deposit a minimum of $10 in cash and place a First Wager to be eligible to receive either one of the following: (1) if their Net Loss exceeds 90% of their First Deposit at any time within seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their First Deposit, up to a maximum of $100 in cash, or (2) if their Net Loss does not exceed 90% of their First Deposit after the conclusion of the seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their Net Loss, up to a maximum of $100 in cash.Unibet4.75/5$10 Free Play + $500 Bonus use code: UBCASINO500New Jersey, PennsylvaniaPlay Here!New players only. $10 free play bonus after signup with promo code UBCASINO10. First deposit welcome bonus 100% up to $500 with promo code UBCASINO500. 25x wagering requirement on casino games only. Terms & consditions apply. 21+ Free Slot CasinoCasino RatingNJ Sign Up OfferFree Slots HighlightSecure NJ LinkTerms and ConditionsHard Rock 4.95/5100% up to $1,000 + 50 Free Spins Top-Rated NJ Free Slots Casino Play Here!New players only. Minimum deposit $20, maximum bonus $1000. You need to opt in to claim the offer. The offer cannot be combined with any other offer. 100% deposit match, 20x wagering (bonus+deposit). 14 days bonus validity. Game weighting applies.888casino4.90/5120% up to $500 + $20 Free BonusGreat Proprietary Free SlotsPlay Here!New players only. One-time offer valid from 2/26/20 – 12/31/22, 19:00 EST. Bonus is only valid if claimed by communication within 48 hours. Bonus must be wagered 30 times within 60 days from granting. Wagering contributions apply and vary by game. Bonus is valid for Casino games only. Withdrawal restrictions and full terms & conditions apply. Virgin Casino4.85/5Up to $100 Real Cash BackGreat Free Slots Features Play Here!New players only. Deposit a minimum of $10 in cash and place a First Wager to be eligible to receive either one of the following: (1) if their Net Loss exceeds 90% of their First Deposit at any time within seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their First Deposit, up to a maximum of $100 in cash, or (2) if their Net Loss does not exceed 90% of their First Deposit after the conclusion of the seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their Net Loss, up to a maximum of $100 in cash.Tropicana4.80/5Up to $100 Real Cash BackExcellent Free Slots VarietyPlay Here!New players only. Deposit a minimum of $10 in cash and place a First Wager to be eligible to receive either one of the following: (1) if their Net Loss exceeds 90% of their First Deposit at any time within seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their First Deposit, up to a maximum of $100 in cash, or (2) if their Net Loss does not exceed 90% of their First Deposit after the conclusion of the seven (7) calendar days after placing the First Deposit and First Wager, the value of their Net Loss, up to a maximum of $100 in cash.Unibet4.75/5$10 Free Play + $500 Bonus use code: UBCASINO500Best No Deposit Slot BonusPlay Here!New players only. $10 free play bonus after signup with promo code UBCASINO10. First deposit welcome bonus 100% up to $500 with promo code UBCASINO500. 25x wagering requirement on casino games only. Terms & consditions apply. 21+ Pennsylvania Free Slot CasinoCasino RatingPA Sign Up OfferFree Slots HighlightSecure PA LinkTerms and ConditionsUnibet4.95/5100% up to $1000 + $50 Free PlayHigh Payout Rates in PAPlay Here!New players only. $10 free play bonus after signup with promo code UBCASINO10. First deposit welcome bonus 100% up to $500 with promo code UBCASINO500. 25x wagering requirement on casino games only. Terms & consditions apply. 21+ US Social Casino SitesCasino RatingNew US Player BonusSocial Casino HighlightSafe US LinkSlotomania4.95/5100% More Coins on your 1st purchaseTop-Rated Social CasinoPlay Here!House of Fun 4.90/51000 Coins or 100 Free Spins for New PlayersBest Social Slots BonusPlay Here!Caesars Slots 4.85/5Get 100 Free Spins New Players GiftGreat Vegas Free SlotsPlay Here!Last Updated on 12.01.2021 by Author Kenneth Warren
If you’re eager to find out how we vetted these online casinos, let us tell you that it wasn’t an easy task! Still, with the proper criteria, the process was made easier as we looked at the number of free slots, as well as the casino bonuses that complemented them. We also prepared state-specific guides for New Jersey free slots and PA free slots. Apart from that, software providers were also an important factor as well as mobile slots games and more!The Top US Free Slot Sites & Social Casinos in Detail
The free play slots USA operators we’ve chosen excel in a particular category, and have competitive advantages over the others, making this selection all that more appealing. Of course, the value lies in the details we’re about to present to you below, so check them out and see which operator would be most preferable for your style!
*Hard Rock (Great for Free Slot Tournaments)
*888casino (Excellent USA Slot Casino Site)
*Virgin Casino (One of the Best Free Slots Varieties in the USA)
*Tropicana (Top-Rated US Jackpot Selection of Free Slots)
*Unibet (Best Free No Deposit Bonus and Excellent Free Slots)
Apart from the set of criteria we used, we also took into consideration US player feedback as well. After all, what matters the most is whether the slots players’ preferences for free online casino games have been met. Since customer rating is most important for the different online casino products, we have a separate ranking for the best real money slot sites in the USA which we encourage you to check as well!The Best Free Online Slots Demo Available in the USA
Demo versions of slots are the main attraction for fans of playing free, but what is the best demo one can try? Surely, there are thousands of slots that provide great gameplay, unique features, and outstanding bonuses, but, in our opinion, the one which matters the most is provided below:IGT Instant Play > Start! Play Free Demo Version Directly in Your BrowserVegas Slots Free Casino Usa Casino
$1,000 Bonus New players only. Minimum deposit $20, maximum bonus $1000. You need to opt in to claim the offer. The offer cannot be combined with any other offer. 100% deposit match, 20x wagering (bonus+deposit). 14 days bonus validity. Game weighting applies.
We prefer this free slot online due to its high RTP rates, great bonus features, and ancient graphics. Having in mind that a top software provider also creates it makes us like the game even more. Apart from that, this free slot USA game is tested and verified by a third-party company, which ensures that fairness and transparency are up to standards.The Best Free Slots to Play for Fun in the USA – Top 10 Free US Online Slot Games
Next in our free play slots USA review, we would like to present to you the top-rated reel-spinning options one can find. The criteria we used in this evaluation include the most important slot fundamentals – RTP rates, minimum and maximum bets, bonuses, and pay lines. Apart from that, we’ve provided information on where you can play these exciting slots for free, so make sure to try them out – they’re worth it!US Free SlotsRTPMin BetMax BetFree SpinsPaylinesPlay for Free atButterfly Staxx96.80%$0.20$400Up to 7 Butterfly Spins40 fixed888casinoStarburst96.01%$0.10$100Up to 3 Re-Spins10TropicanaCats94.93%$0.01$30010 Free Spins30888casinoHotline97.04%$0.15$4507 Free Spins + Re-spins30Virgin CasinoCleopatra95.02%$0.20$40015 Free Spins20UnibetBlood Suckers 296.94%$0.25$25015 Free Spins25 fixedTropicanaGonzo’s Quest96.00%$0.20$20010 Free Falls20 fixedUnibetDivine Fortune96.59%$0.20$200Up to 12 Free Spins20 fixedHard RockTwin Spin96.60%$0.25$125No243 fixedVirgin CasinoDa Vinci Diamonds94.93%$0.20$200Up to 15 Free Spins20 fixed888casino
The most common feature these free slot machines have is the fact that almost all of them, except one, have free spin features. Players widely prefer this, but that doesn’t mean that this type of bonus is the most favored one. Expanding wilds and multipliers are also other characteristics USA slot fans are looking for, and in the next paragraphs, we’ll have a look at the best reel-spinning free slot machines in terms of their features.Details for the Top Free Slot Games for US Players
Each one of the top free play slots USA online casinos provides is suitable for a specific audience, depending on preferences, gameplay, and features. That’s why in the following list, you can see the outlined advantages of the reel-spinning games American players can take advantage of:
*Buterfly Staxx (Great Respin Feature for US Slot Fans)
*Starburst (One of the Most Popular US Free Slot Machines)
*Cats (Great Free Slot for American Low Limit Players)
*Hotline (Excellent RTP Rate for US Players)
*Cleopatra (Top-Rated Free Slots Machine for United States Players)
*Blood Suckers 2 (Great Free Spins Slot Game)
*Gonzo’s Quest (Among the Best Free Play Slots in the USA)
*Divine Fortune (Excellent Progressive Jackpot Slot Machine)
*Twin Spin (Best No Bonus Free Play Slot for US Fans)
*Da Vinci Diamonds (Great Max Payout of 100,000x Your Bet Size)
We are sure you would agree that reading about the features of these wonderful free slots can’t be compared with trying them out for yourself. That’s why we encourage our readers to explore them at the USA’s best free slots casinos where other benefits also await!US Demo Slot Machines with a Free Spins Feature
One of the most widespread bonuses are free spins and there are lots of social slots that provide such a feature. However, the best is yet to come, and we do mean it – the top 10 online slot machines with the best free spin features wait to be explored! Make sure to check them in the following list where you can find their availability and try them out for yourself!
*Divine Fortune – 5-12 Free Spins (Available at Hard Rock Casino)
*Dead or Alive – 12 Free Spins (Available at 888Casino)
*Blood Suckers – 10 Free Spins (Available at Virgin Casino)
*Guns N’ Roses – 10 Free Spins (Available at Tropicana Casino)
*Narcos – 10 Free Spins (Available at Unibet)
*Gorilla Go Wilder – 10 Free Spins (Available at Hard Rock Casino)
*Big Foot – 10 Free Spins (Available at Unibet)
*Anchormen – 12 Free Spins (Available at Tropicana Casino)
*Fire Qween – Up to 20 Free Spins (Available at Virgin Casino)
*Druid’s Dream – 6 Free Spins with Re-Spins Feature (Available at 888Casino)
Such bonus features from these free online slots USA players can enjoy are usually triggered by scatter symbols. Bear in mind that in almost all cases, you’ll need to land at least three scatters, and the number of free spins might depend on the number of these special symbols. Furthermore, while you’re enjoying this bonus feature, you might even be granted additional multipliers.Bonus Features of the Best Free Online Slot Games USA
The best slot machine games come not only come with great bonus spins, but they can also provide various features that might grab your attention. Expanding wilds, multipliers, re-spins, and many more await those of you who would like to enter a world of reel-spinning perks, combined with great graphics and excellent gameplay. Let’s see some of the most interesting features at free play slots casinos in the USA!
*Ghostbusters Plus – Ghost Battle (Available at Hard Rock Casino)
*Super Striker – Bet Slip Feature ( Available at 888Casino)
*Cash Spin – Moneybag Bonus (Available at Virgin Casino)
*Asgardian Stones – Avalanche Feature (Available at Tropicana Casino)
*Giant Gems – Fortune Spins (Available at Unibet)
Various bonus features of different free play slots USA casinos provide may make you feel like you’re playing completely unique games. The abundance is so wide and innovative that you will surely be surprised by the creativity provided by software companies. Apart from that, you can also come across gamble features and many other perks that can skyrocket your winnings! Plot again crossword puzzle clue.Other Free Casino Games for US Players
Slots download pc. Despite the fact that free casino video slots are most widespread, there are other wager-free games available at US operators. Those include classic table options such as baccarat, roulette, blackjack, and many more that we encourage you to explore. Since we’ve mentioned how important it is to choose the right operator, be sure to go through our guide about the best online casinos in the USA!How to Play Slots Online for Free in the USA
If there is a game that doesn’t require almost any effort and is easy to play for free at the same time, that would be free slot machines for sure. Although there are a couple of things you need to take into consideration, playing free slots online has never been more convenient for players. Make sure you’re aware of the pay lines, special symbols, and overall paytable of your chosen games, and you’ll be good to go!
Due to the ever-growing popularity of slots, they can be divided into various categories, and some are more popular than others. Fruit machines are a classic that can always be seen at the best online slots casinos, Egyptian and Vegas slots are also added in the mix as well as penny slots – a great alternative for low-limit players. However, these reel-spinning games are a part of land-based action as well, and even some of the best casino resorts like the Wynn or the Borgata offer them. Bear in mind that playing free online slots is easier as you can focus your attention only on the games you’re playing without having to deal with unnecessary distractions like the ones present at shiny casino floors.Free Mobile Slots on Android and iPhone
Since most players prefer to enter online casinos from the comfort of their phone, it’s time to explore mobile games. Playing on the go has become a necessity for all operators that want to be competitive in the gambling market, regardless of whether we’re talking about real money wagering or free play. That’s why all of our top suggestions are compatible with iOS and Android devices, including tablets, and various brands such as iPhone, Sam
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0 Rotten Tomatoes
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*Rotten Tomatoes Worst Movies
*0 Rotten Tomatoes Netflix
On the film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, films that every surveyed critic considered bad have a 0% rating.[1][2][3]The Ringer, analyzing films’ Rotten Tomatoes scores compared to change in profit margin, estimated that films with a 0% rating ’would be expected to lose about $25 million relative to its budget’.[4]List[edit]Rotten Tomatoes Worst Movies
Shocker has 20% on Rotten Tomatoes, and is utter, utter shite, and House III has 0%, and is utter, utter gold. It contains stupidly OTT gore, a talking Thanksgiving turkey and two of my favourite actors of all time: Brion James and Lance Henriksen. In terms of Rotten Tomatoes audience scores, WW84 and Harley Quinn tie for third place at 78%. The first Wonder Woman is the DCEU’s highest-rated crowd-pleaser at 84%. M education.MovieYear# reviewsReferenceStaying Alive198326[5]Bolero198423[6]Jaws: The Revenge198738[7]Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol198720[8]Mac and Me198826[9]Return of the Living Dead Part II198820[10]Problem Child199029[11]Highlander 2: The Quickening199124[12]Return to the Blue Lagoon199131[13]Folks!199220[14]Look Who’s Talking Now!199326[15]A Low Down Dirty Shame199422[16]Wagons East199429[17]Shadow Conspiracy199728[18]Simon Sez199920[19]3 Strikes200029[20]Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever2002118[21]Killing Me Softly200223[22]Derailed20025[23]Merci Docteur Rey200222[24]Pinocchio200255[25]National Lampoon’s Gold Diggers200344[26]Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2200446[27]Constellation200520[28]Redline200727[29]Scar200718[30]One Missed Call200881[31]Homecoming200924[32]Stolen200920[33]Transylmania200922[34]The Nutcracker in 3D201032[35]Dark Tide201220[36]A Thousand Words201259[37]The Ridiculous 6201536[38]Cabin Fever201628[39]Dark Crimes201637[40]The Disappointments Room201626[41]Max Steel201621[42]Precious Cargo201621[43]Stratton201736[44]Gotti201858[45]London Fields201835[46]John Henry202020[47]The Last Days of American Crime202043[48]Hard Kill202021[49]
*I give Palmer 4.0 Gavels and it receives a 73% Rotten Tomatoes rating with a 7.2/10 IMDb score. After twelve years in prison, Palmer returns to his hometown of Sylvain, Louisiana. Grandmother Vivian Palmer readily accepts him into her house on the condition that he attend church with her every Sunday.
*So when you ’successfully’ get a 0% rating it is the worst that you can get. But instead of a pat on the back, you get a slap in the face. If you make a film don’t get a 0%, it looks bad on you record, and reputation. Here are the films unfortunate enough to get the lowest possible score from Rotten Tomatoes. Enjoy.if you can.
*In 2008, Rotten Tomatoes compiled a list called ’Moldy Tomatoes: The 10 Worst Movies of the Last 10 Years,’ which included—you guessed it—Ballistic: Ecks vs. In the article, Alex Vo wrote, ’The plot is undeserving of analysis, or even a summary: the most fitting epitaph for this, the worst reviewed movie in our site’s history, might.See also[edit]References[edit]
*^Kurp, Joshua (3 February 2012). ’The Ten Most-Hated Rotten Tomatoes 0% Comedies’. Splitsider. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
*^Acuna, Kirsten (13 March 2012). ’5 films that received a score of zero on Rotten Tomatoes’. Business Insider. Insider Inc. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’Eddie Murphy’s A Thousand Words: is this the worst reviewed film of 1990’.
*^Lindbergh, Ben; Arthur, Rob (September 4, 2020). ’Has Rotten Tomatoes Ever Truly Mattered?’. The Ringer. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
*^’Staying Alive (1983)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
*^’Bolero (1984)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
*^’Jaws: The Revenge (1987)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
*^’Police Academy 4 - Citizens on Patrol (1987)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’MAC and Me (1988)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
*^’Return of the Living Dead Part II (1988)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
*^’Problem Child (1990)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’Highlander 2: The Quickening (1991)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
*^’Return to the Blue Lagoon (1991)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Folks! (1992)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
*^’Look Who’s Talking Now (1993)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
*^’A Low Down Dirty Shame (1994)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Wagons East! (1994)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Shadow Conspiracy (1997)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Simon Sez (1999)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
*^’3 Strikes (2000)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever (2002)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Killing Me Softly (2003)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
*^’Derailed (2002)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
*^’Merci Docteur Rey (2002)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Pinocchio (2002)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’National Lampoon’s Gold Diggers (2004)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2 (2004)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
*^’Constellation (2005)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Redline (2007)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Scar (2007)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
*^’One Missed Call (2008)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Homecoming (2009)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Stolen (2010)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Transylmania (2009)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
*^’The Nutcracker in 3D (2010)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Dark Tide (2012)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’A Thousand Words (2012)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
*^’The Ridiculous 6 (2015)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Cabin Fever (2016)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Dark Crimes (2018)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
*^’The Disappointments Room (2016)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
*^’Max Steel (2016)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’Precious Cargo (2016)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Stratton (2018)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
*^’Gotti (2018)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
*^’London Fields (2018)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
*^’John Henry (2020)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
*^’The Last Days of American Crime (2020)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
*^’Hard Kill (2020)’. Retrieved 2 January 2021.0 Rotten Tomatoes NetflixRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_films_with_a_0%25_rating_on_Rotten_Tomatoes&oldid=1002776087’
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*Rotten Tomatoes Worst Movies
*0 Rotten Tomatoes Netflix
On the film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, films that every surveyed critic considered bad have a 0% rating.[1][2][3]The Ringer, analyzing films’ Rotten Tomatoes scores compared to change in profit margin, estimated that films with a 0% rating ’would be expected to lose about $25 million relative to its budget’.[4]List[edit]Rotten Tomatoes Worst Movies
Shocker has 20% on Rotten Tomatoes, and is utter, utter shite, and House III has 0%, and is utter, utter gold. It contains stupidly OTT gore, a talking Thanksgiving turkey and two of my favourite actors of all time: Brion James and Lance Henriksen. In terms of Rotten Tomatoes audience scores, WW84 and Harley Quinn tie for third place at 78%. The first Wonder Woman is the DCEU’s highest-rated crowd-pleaser at 84%. M education.MovieYear# reviewsReferenceStaying Alive198326[5]Bolero198423[6]Jaws: The Revenge198738[7]Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol198720[8]Mac and Me198826[9]Return of the Living Dead Part II198820[10]Problem Child199029[11]Highlander 2: The Quickening199124[12]Return to the Blue Lagoon199131[13]Folks!199220[14]Look Who’s Talking Now!199326[15]A Low Down Dirty Shame199422[16]Wagons East199429[17]Shadow Conspiracy199728[18]Simon Sez199920[19]3 Strikes200029[20]Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever2002118[21]Killing Me Softly200223[22]Derailed20025[23]Merci Docteur Rey200222[24]Pinocchio200255[25]National Lampoon’s Gold Diggers200344[26]Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2200446[27]Constellation200520[28]Redline200727[29]Scar200718[30]One Missed Call200881[31]Homecoming200924[32]Stolen200920[33]Transylmania200922[34]The Nutcracker in 3D201032[35]Dark Tide201220[36]A Thousand Words201259[37]The Ridiculous 6201536[38]Cabin Fever201628[39]Dark Crimes201637[40]The Disappointments Room201626[41]Max Steel201621[42]Precious Cargo201621[43]Stratton201736[44]Gotti201858[45]London Fields201835[46]John Henry202020[47]The Last Days of American Crime202043[48]Hard Kill202021[49]
*I give Palmer 4.0 Gavels and it receives a 73% Rotten Tomatoes rating with a 7.2/10 IMDb score. After twelve years in prison, Palmer returns to his hometown of Sylvain, Louisiana. Grandmother Vivian Palmer readily accepts him into her house on the condition that he attend church with her every Sunday.
*So when you ’successfully’ get a 0% rating it is the worst that you can get. But instead of a pat on the back, you get a slap in the face. If you make a film don’t get a 0%, it looks bad on you record, and reputation. Here are the films unfortunate enough to get the lowest possible score from Rotten Tomatoes. Enjoy.if you can.
*In 2008, Rotten Tomatoes compiled a list called ’Moldy Tomatoes: The 10 Worst Movies of the Last 10 Years,’ which included—you guessed it—Ballistic: Ecks vs. In the article, Alex Vo wrote, ’The plot is undeserving of analysis, or even a summary: the most fitting epitaph for this, the worst reviewed movie in our site’s history, might.See also[edit]References[edit]
*^Kurp, Joshua (3 February 2012). ’The Ten Most-Hated Rotten Tomatoes 0% Comedies’. Splitsider. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
*^Acuna, Kirsten (13 March 2012). ’5 films that received a score of zero on Rotten Tomatoes’. Business Insider. Insider Inc. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’Eddie Murphy’s A Thousand Words: is this the worst reviewed film of 1990’.
*^Lindbergh, Ben; Arthur, Rob (September 4, 2020). ’Has Rotten Tomatoes Ever Truly Mattered?’. The Ringer. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
*^’Staying Alive (1983)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
*^’Bolero (1984)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
*^’Jaws: The Revenge (1987)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
*^’Police Academy 4 - Citizens on Patrol (1987)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’MAC and Me (1988)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
*^’Return of the Living Dead Part II (1988)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
*^’Problem Child (1990)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’Highlander 2: The Quickening (1991)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
*^’Return to the Blue Lagoon (1991)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Folks! (1992)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
*^’Look Who’s Talking Now (1993)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
*^’A Low Down Dirty Shame (1994)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Wagons East! (1994)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Shadow Conspiracy (1997)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Simon Sez (1999)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
*^’3 Strikes (2000)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever (2002)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Killing Me Softly (2003)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
*^’Derailed (2002)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
*^’Merci Docteur Rey (2002)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’Pinocchio (2002)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
*^’National Lampoon’s Gold Diggers (2004)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2 (2004)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
*^’Constellation (2005)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Redline (2007)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Scar (2007)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
*^’One Missed Call (2008)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Homecoming (2009)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Stolen (2010)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Transylmania (2009)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
*^’The Nutcracker in 3D (2010)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Dark Tide (2012)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’A Thousand Words (2012)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
*^’The Ridiculous 6 (2015)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Cabin Fever (2016)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Dark Crimes (2018)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
*^’The Disappointments Room (2016)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
*^’Max Steel (2016)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
*^’Precious Cargo (2016)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
*^’Stratton (2018)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
*^’Gotti (2018)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
*^’London Fields (2018)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
*^’John Henry (2020)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
*^’The Last Days of American Crime (2020)’. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
*^’Hard Kill (2020)’. Retrieved 2 January 2021.0 Rotten Tomatoes NetflixRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_films_with_a_0%25_rating_on_Rotten_Tomatoes&oldid=1002776087’
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You will also find answers to the most asked questions about how to play online casino slots for real money plus the fundamental information you need to start gambling at the best websites from our hand-picked list of online casinos.Why Play Slots for Real Money?
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Don’t listen to the pessimists who claim that you need the highest stakes to gamble online for real money and win big. Of course, higher bets have a greater potential for massive payouts but your lucky stars are the main determinants. It is better to risk everything than risk nothing in life. The same slogan applies when it comes to online gambling. No way can you win if you don’t take the chances to play real money slots online. Similarly, the biggest winnings require you to take bigger risks.
From now henceforth, stop treating all the online casinos suspiciously or aggressively. All you need is to be careful and take a break in case you see the game is only taking away your cash. There is always the next time so don’t wait until all your money is taken. The other thing to consider is the type of casino you want to play. Make sure that it is fully licensed and reputable. Our gambling experts reviewed all the brands which are listed at BubnoSlots and all the websites suit the main criteria.Play Casino Slots Online For Real Money
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Typically, users gain experience with free slots, but then it gets boring and you want something more. Indeed, in the game for candy wrappers there is no true excitement. There is a lack of feeling of a bet and thrill with which you expect the reels to stop. That is why there is the possibility of playing online casinos for real money. Best Online Casino Slots For Real Money, download doubledown casino yuma colorado, empire casino opening times, gun lake casino in grand rapids mi. United States 1. Browse through our list of the best.
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You will also find answers to the most asked questions about how to play online casino slots for real money plus the fundamental information you need to start gambling at the best websites from our hand-picked list of online casinos.Why Play Slots for Real Money?
We understand that you want to try free demo versions of casino games with no download before making real bets so you can have a profound experience. It could also be that you have had gambling problems in the past and don’t want to take financial risks. These reasons are understandable but we want to prove to you that real money casinos are more exciting than playing slots for free. This is where you get a rush of adrenalin and better gambling experience that’s not easy to find elsewhere.
Online slot machines for real money are the perfect example of gambling games which are some of the most entertaining activities across the world. Those who think that online gambling for real money is bad probably have never done it before or played recklessly and lost. You can win real money on slots online as long as you know what you are doing. Winning is the best part when you play online casino games for real money. It can totally transform your life, especially with a progressive jackpot. Every year, online casinos change the lives of many people even those who thought that it takes decades to win. If you are very keen, there is a lucky player who wins several tens or hundreds of dollars by placing a bet as small as $10 or $20.
Don’t listen to the pessimists who claim that you need the highest stakes to gamble online for real money and win big. Of course, higher bets have a greater potential for massive payouts but your lucky stars are the main determinants. It is better to risk everything than risk nothing in life. The same slogan applies when it comes to online gambling. No way can you win if you don’t take the chances to play real money slots online. Similarly, the biggest winnings require you to take bigger risks.
From now henceforth, stop treating all the online casinos suspiciously or aggressively. All you need is to be careful and take a break in case you see the game is only taking away your cash. There is always the next time so don’t wait until all your money is taken. The other thing to consider is the type of casino you want to play. Make sure that it is fully licensed and reputable. Our gambling experts reviewed all the brands which are listed at BubnoSlots and all the websites suit the main criteria.Play Casino Slots Online For Real Money
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Gamblers can always try something new and unknown and get charged with positivity for a long period of time. If you are going to play best slots online, you can find the best slots from our online slots for real money reviews article, and you also get a chance to earn big winnings, which can be spent on trips to warm countries or ski resorts.
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There are several red flags of a rogue casino. One of them is slow or no pay. This frustration happens when you request a cash-out but it takes weeks to get it or you never receive it at all. This is very common in casinos that are about to close. They stall players so they can keep as much money as possible. However, if you are in a country that hasn’t legalized online gambling yet such as some states of America, it is normal to experience delays when withdrawing the winnings. The casinos have to pass through convoluted hoops to reimburse the money. But if it delays for more than a week or the customer representatives give useless excuses, you might be getting scammed.
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In a bid to attract a significant pool of players, casino operators have to come up with creative and aggressive promotional techniques to get attention from gambling enthusiast. To give exciting moments to their players, they treat players with welcome bonuses. As a result, more and more people sign up and stay engaged with the casinos for long periods of time. The reason a welcome bonus is so popular is that it is specifically designed for new players. To outmatch their competitors, casinos have to give the most profitable and outrageous bonuses.
A welcome bonus is also known as a sign-up bonus. It is given to players to motivate them to register and play casino games. Some offers come in combinations of free spins and monetary benefits. Upon checking out a gambling website, here are the types of bonuses to expect.
*100+% match up bonus: upon depositing a particular amount of money, you get double the amount from the casino even before you play slots for real money online.
*No deposit bonus: this is given immediately after registering your account. You don’t need to deposit anything to get it.
*Payment method bonus: a few slot machines that pay real money offer incentives if you deposit your money with a particular payment method
Ocasio cortez site. Do you dream of playing in the best online casinos with no deposit bonuses and rolling in loads of cash? Take advantage of the casinos on our list to see your dream coming true. Don’t wait too long to sign up. Top online casino bonuses await you. Good luck on your journey to becoming a casino superstar!How to Gamble Online for Free
In some instances, you are given a no deposit bonus just for registering with a casino. If you are lucky to win with a no deposit bonus, you must fulfil the wagering conditions to withdraw your winnings. Yes, you can play online casino with no deposit bonus and win money without making a deposit! Here are simple steps to gambling for real and win real cash.
*Choose no-deposit bonus and free spins offer
*Ensure that the offer requires no deposit
*Wager your no-deposit bonus or complete the free spins
*If you are lucky, withdraw the winnings or use them to play more games
Playing slot machine games for real money with no deposit sounds like a fairy tale but it is possible courtesy of the generous welcome bonuses from the best online casinos. These casinos give you free spins and drop some cash on your account after registering. Sometimes, you don’t need to make any commitment to grab these offers. What does this tell you? Online casinos with no deposit bonus give you a chance to win real money without paying for the wagers. You will also get an amazing array of slots at zero cost. Think about this – winning a big jackpot without loading your bankroll with a single cent.
Victory octane. Or if you have a low/high budget for gambling, here you can also find online slots for real money no minimum deposit which allows you to get the nice gambling experience fitting your budget. What are you waiting for? Sign up today at one of the casinos on our list, claim a free cash bonus or free spins, play slots online, win real money, and enjoy the cash on the house.A Very Foxin Christmas Online Slot GameAloha! Cluster Pays Online Slot GameArchangels: Salvation Online Slot GameAsgardian Stones Online Slot GameBatman Online Slot GameBerryburst Max Online Slot GameReal Money Casino Slots UsaBlood Eternal Online Slot GameBlood Lore Vampire Clan Online Slot GameBlood Suckers II Online Slot GameBollywood Story Online Slot GameButterfly Staxx Online Slot GameCleo’s Wish Online Slot GameCoins of Egypt Online Slot GameCopy Cats Online Slot GameDivine Fortune Online Slot GameDouble Stacks Online Slot GameDragon Wins Online Slot GameSlots For Real Money Casino Games Fx BundleEgyptian Rise Online Slot GameSlots For Real Money Casino Games Fx FreeEmerald Isle Online Slot GameSlots For Real Money FreeEmoji Planet Online Slot GameOnline Casinos Real Money Slots Games7 votes
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*
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*
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*
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Certificates - Activity certificates & Course completion Certificate awarded *
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QLTS School May 14, 2019 14:53; Updated; Follow. The two elements of the QLTS (MCT and OSCE) are offered in the UK. The MCT is offered in conjunction with Pearson VUE. COVID-19 (Coronavirus) situation: Testing candidates: Check our COVID-19 Update Page to review the health and safety measures in place for testing and find out about any country-specific testing policies. Appointment availability is limited due to social distancing precautions and varies by location. Please note that our customer. Kaplan QLTS is the sole authorised assessment provider for the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) of assessments under the QLTS. The QLTS assessment comprises 2 parts, a Multiple Choice Test (MCT) and an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Candidates must pass the.
A lot of people asked me why I wanted to be qualified in England and Wales when I was already qualified in New York and Philippines. Sometimes I’d try to be witty and quote a famous mountaineer – “Because it’s there.” Halfway through the QLTS (when it was too late to back out), I read that the mountaineer who said that had died while climbing Mount Everest. The good news is that I passed the QLTS in one piece. Many people helped me along the way, and I thought I’d pay it forward by passing their advice along and adding some bits I learned.
1. Prep school? To pay or not to pay extra
I signed up with QLTS School (Basic Course) to prepare for the MCT. They ship you books to read and you can take mock multiple choice exams online. They also release bulletins on recent changes in the laws which may have taken effect after their books were printed. I found the experience somewhat like Barbri review for the NY bar – study all the books they give you and do as many of their mock exams, and you should be in pretty good shape. Was it worth the extra expense? For me, it was. It meant that I didn’t have to spend time researching which books to study, or cross-checking if a case mentioned in a book was still good law, which I think is especially important because the MCT tests you on the law as of the date of your assessment.
I also signed up with QLTS School (OSCE Basic) to prepare for the OSCE in November 2017. They will assign you a tutor who will work with you on the mock tests. However, they don’t provide you one complete package unlike for MCT, and you need to spend a fair amount of time compiling all the materials. You have to buy books from OUP, check the OUP website for supplementary materials and case studies, log on to your QLTS School account for updates and mock tests, and check your tutor’s emails for more mock tests. I did find the QLTS School’s legal skills video workshop extremely helpful and worth the extra cost. If you’ve been working as a lawyer for a few years, you probably don’t have to read the “Lawyers’ Skills” book from OUP if you watch the videos. I did not sign up for additional prep courses, nor did I look at past CILEX papers – I decided to focus on the materials from OUP and QLTS School.
2. Struggling with taxation /solicitors’ accounts / financial regulation
If you can’t seem to understand a subject even after reading the textbook three times, read another textbook to give you a fresh perspective. Aside from reading the QLTS School’s Taxation book for MCT, I also read the tax discussion in the book “Foundations for the LPC”, as well as the UK government’s website on taxes (https://www.gov.uk/browse/tax). Same as with some of the civil litigation discussion in the OUP book – I referred to discussions on the same topics in Thomson Reuters’ Practical Law.
Ocasio-cortez is an idiot. 3. How much time do you need?
Start as early as possible, but not so early that the principles (such as computing taxes!) that you had started studying would have changed by the time you take the test. I studied one month part-time (every weekend) and three weeks full-time for the MCT, and two months part-time and two weeks full-time for the OSCE. It is extremely helpful to have a few days before the exams doing nothing but taking mock tests and reading revision notes. If possible, use your vacation days and carry over un-used vacation days from the previous year.
4. How soon after the MCT should you take OSCE?
I took the MCT in February 2017 and learned that I passed before the end of the month. I had intended to take the June 2017 OSCE and was feeling pretty confident when I had finished reading the Probate and Property books by the end of March 2017. On a vacation to New Zealand in April 2017, I packed my Business Law and Civil Litigation OUP books so I could squeeze in some study time and … you can guess how many times I actually opened those books. On hindsight, I recommend not taking the OSCE immediately after the MCT because you’ll have just three months to study. Three months is not a lot of time if you’re working full-time – what if things suddenly get busy at work and you have to work on weekends? Someone advised to start studying for the OSCE immediately after taking the MCT even before getting the MCT results so you can take the OSCE as early as possible. Fair point- you want to make sure that the things you reviewed for the MCT are still fresh in your mind for the OSCE. Personally though, I think it’s a bit sad to start studying for the OSCE, only to find out later on that you actually have to study the MCT again.
5. E&W vs. Philippine vs. New York bar – which is hardest?
I’d say the QLTS is harder than the Philippine and NY bars because had to study for the QLTS part-time. Looking back, I think every Philippine law student has an advantage with the Philippine bar because we studied most of the subjects anyway in law school. With QLTS, there’s a whole lot of things to be studied for the first time by a foreign lawyer, especially those not from Europe (solicitors’ accounts, EU law, human rights law, etc.).
I also found OSCE more difficult compared to the essay parts of the NY bar. The OSCE will test you on your ability to identify, on the spot, any missing facts or documents that you should ask from a non-lawyer client (in addition to identifying the legal issues). In an essay question on the NY bar, you’ll be more or less supplied with the relevant facts so you can identify and discuss the legal issues. There’s also more memorization required in the OSCE – you must have mental checklists of questions for every type of probate or property interview, or you might forget to ask for the essential facts and documents (such as “Did the deceased have a will?”). You should also memorize the elements of each civil or criminal claim for the advocacy assessments.
6. Overseas Candidates – Where to live in London?
Try to stay in a comfortable place. It is bad enough to be fighting jet lag, having anxiety attacks and studying as many things as possible at the last minute – imagine if you had to experience all these in a cramped and noisy room for 11 days. I stayed in a nice serviced apartment in Pimlico along the Victoria Line. The Victoria line passes both Euston station (near the OSCE Part I venue) and Highbury & Islington station (near the OSCE Part II venue) so I did not have to change trains when traveling to the exam venues.
7. Prepare your war chest.
Taking the QLTS is not cheap. Exam fees, prep courses, books, and Lexis Nexis/Westlaw access, plus air tickets and lodging in London, can add up. Set aside money for expected expenses, plus a 20% buffer.
8. #goals
Do not just aim to score above the pass mark. Aim to get as high a score as possible because pass marks and pass rates vary greatly. For example, for the November 2017 OSCE, the pass rate for the 14-16 November Part 1 cohort was 63% whereas the pass rate for the 24-26 November Part 1 cohort was just 51%. It’s true that you won’t get any prizes if you get a perfect score, but after all the effort, time and expense, isn’t it much better to score 20 points above the pass mark and feel bad about studying too much, than score 0.5 point below the pass mark and have to take the whole test again?
Finally, if you haven’t, join QLTS Study Group on LinkedIn. It is chock-full of great advice, especially if you are studying on your own. https://lawyerinconversion.wordpress.com/ is pretty useful too.
Good luck!
*All info above was based on my experience in the February 2017 MCT and November 2017 OSCE, the July 2012 NY bar and the 2006 Philippine bar. Test formats, etc. may have changed since then.INDIVIDUAL TRAINING AND PRACTICAL GUIDANCE FOR SOLICITORS QUALIFYING EXAM ‘QLTS OSCE’OSCEsmart
OSCEsmart is a QLTS training provider specializing in preparation only for Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The course is developed by successful QLTS qualified solicitors and offers a unique methodology of preparation, covering:
*Concise and focused materials, to save your time on making notes and focus you on the key subjects;
*Lists of LPC books and manuals viewed as the main theoretical source for OSCE prep that candidates are encouraged to read; and
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We aim to provide high quality individually tailored services and have a limited number of places available. Therefore, we reserve the right to refuse service to anyone. Before being enrolled on our course, the candidates will be tested on their legal knowledge and the required standard of character and suitability, taking into account the time frame of the exam and other relevant aspects.
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We reserve the right to refuse service to anyoneQlts School LoginQLTS OSCE
QLTS – The Qualified Lawyers Transfer Scheme is an exam for foreign lawyers to qualify as English solicitors. It is regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) and provided by Kaplan QLTS. The QLTS consists of two exams. First foreign lawyers have to pass the Multiple Choice Test (MCT) and further the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) [Read more on our blog].
OSCE – is a super practical exam, aims to assess lawyers as per real legal practice conditions. Approximately since 2021 the exam will be greatly improved and extended to domestic (UK) prospective solicitors, now known as the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) or super-exam.
SQE – those who have successfully completed the multiple choice of QLTS, will be able to qualify via QLTS by clearing QLTS OSCE for the next 12 months since SQE is coming into force.Stage/Part 1 or Oral PartAdvocacy / Presentation or Persuasive oral communicationStage/Part 2 or Written PartOSCE Prep
The QLTS OSCE is a very practical exam, where the candidates are assessed based on a real solicitor’s practice conditions. In particular, they should demonstrate their ability to:
*Handle a client interview and prepare an attendance note or case analysis;
*Deliver an oral client presentation or advocacy, within the courts;
*Conduct legal research and complete a record sheet;
*Write letters, memoranda, emails, and other documents to the clients or colleagues; and
*Draft legal documents and complete different forms.
The above skills will be assessed in five practice areas: business, property, probate, civil litigation, and criminal litigation. The law also covers your substantive law knowledge from MCT or LLB/GDL e.g. contract, tort, trust, criminal law, administrative and constitutional law, professional conduct etc.
Preparation to OSCE should consist of 2 stages: study the actual law and develop your legal skills.Theory/ law
*Concise video lectures covering key issues you should know, learn, and memorize in order to succeed. Accessible from PC, tablet or smartphone
*Short printable notes in a table format
*Further reading guidance: LPC books, manuals, online resources, and case law
*Five Online Seminar Group Sessions (OSGSs): one per each practice area, purported to develop practical skills for application of the law to the facts
*Support from your tutor who can answer any questions you might havePractice/Skills
*Concise video lectures on Interview, Advocacy and Presentation, Legal Research and Writing and Drafting
*Attachments providing further guidance, instructions, and samples of different documents e.g. attendance note and case analysis, research record sheet, sample drafting materials, research record sheet, research, drafting and writing mock questions
*Interview, Advocacy and Presentation and Legal Research followed by in-depth feedback. This will help you: understand your readiness then revise accordingly, get acquainted with the process and the procedure of the exam, and ultimately develop your own approach to handling it. We expect you to submit Attendance Notes no later than 24 hours after the interview.Timescale
12-6 months – start reading, based on individual learning abilities, objectives, and availability. Please note: for LPC graduates it will take considerably less time. Useful links: OSCE Books And Manuals. To be individually assessed, please complete this survey;
3 months before the OSCE – schedule the mock exams, taking into account your individual needs and workload
2-2.5. months before the OSCE (March/Sep) – start your OSGSs and prepare for the Interview (Attendance Note and Case Analysis), Advocacy and Presentation and Legal ResearchPackage ‘All In’ – £1600
➢Study Group
➢5 Mock Interviews + 3 handwritten or typed individually marked + suggested answer and 2 only given suggested answer Attendance Notes/Case Analysis
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➢5 Mock Advocacy/Presentation sessions;
➢1 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢1 Research Mock Station
➢1 Drafting Mock StationPackage ‘Study Group’
➢Access to all video lectures and concise lecture notes on Business, Property; Probate; Civil and Criminal Litigation (6-9 lectures in each practice area)
➢Access to all lectures on skills: Drafting and Writing; Research; Interview; Advocacy (Drafting lectures also offer drafting and writing mock questions and suggested answers)
➢10 Sample Research Mock Stations (for self-assessment, against other candidates’ answers) via Google Class
➢5 seminars OSGSs on application of law to factual scenarios: one per practice area;
➢Group facilities: Facebook Group; Google Class, online class with lecture-based flashcardsPackage ‘Extra3’ – £940
➢3 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢3 Research Mock Station
➢3 Drafting Mock Station
Deadline for singing up for the Packages for May 2020 is 16 Feb 2020
To sign up for the OSCE Smart Course, please submit the Question Form on the left or email us at: sales@qltsosce.co.ukPackage ‘Budget’ – £800
➢Study Group
➢2 Mock Interviews + 1 Handwritten Attendance Note/Case Analysis
➢1 Mock Advocacy/Presentation station
➢1 Legal Writing Mock StationPackage ‘Double’ – £2000Qlts School Login Sign In
➢Study Group
➢10 Mock interviews + Attendance Notes / Case Analysis (5 handwritten or typed individually marked + suggested answer and 5 only given suggested answer)
➢6 Mock Advocacy/Presentation sessions
➢ 1 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢1 Research Mock Station
➢1 Drafting Mock StationPackage ‘Extra1’ – £320
➢1 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢ 1 Research Mock Station
➢1 Drafting Mock Station32Package ‘Extra2’ – £630
➢2 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢2 Research Mock Station
➢2 Drafting Mock StationMock StationsQlts School Login Account
An Online Mock Client Interview with one-to-one mock client feedback based on the SRA and QLTS Kaplan marking criteria and outcomes – £60
A Handwritten Attendance Note or Case Analysis A handwritten Attendance Note/ Case Analysis as a follow-up to a Mock Client Interview, individually marked up and provided with commentaries based on the SRA and QLTS Kaplan marking criteria and outcomes – £110
A typed suggested answer without individual marking as a follow-up to a Mock Client Interview – £35
An Online Mock Advocacy/Presentation session with one-to-one mock client feedback based on the SRA and QLTS Kaplan marking criteria and outcomes – £110
An online Legal Research/ Writing/ Drafting exercise with tailored feedback and marked up record sheet based on the SRA and QLTS Kaplan marking criteria and outcomes – £110
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QLTS School May 14, 2019 14:53; Updated; Follow. The two elements of the QLTS (MCT and OSCE) are offered in the UK. The MCT is offered in conjunction with Pearson VUE. COVID-19 (Coronavirus) situation: Testing candidates: Check our COVID-19 Update Page to review the health and safety measures in place for testing and find out about any country-specific testing policies. Appointment availability is limited due to social distancing precautions and varies by location. Please note that our customer. Kaplan QLTS is the sole authorised assessment provider for the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) of assessments under the QLTS. The QLTS assessment comprises 2 parts, a Multiple Choice Test (MCT) and an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Candidates must pass the.
A lot of people asked me why I wanted to be qualified in England and Wales when I was already qualified in New York and Philippines. Sometimes I’d try to be witty and quote a famous mountaineer – “Because it’s there.” Halfway through the QLTS (when it was too late to back out), I read that the mountaineer who said that had died while climbing Mount Everest. The good news is that I passed the QLTS in one piece. Many people helped me along the way, and I thought I’d pay it forward by passing their advice along and adding some bits I learned.
1. Prep school? To pay or not to pay extra
I signed up with QLTS School (Basic Course) to prepare for the MCT. They ship you books to read and you can take mock multiple choice exams online. They also release bulletins on recent changes in the laws which may have taken effect after their books were printed. I found the experience somewhat like Barbri review for the NY bar – study all the books they give you and do as many of their mock exams, and you should be in pretty good shape. Was it worth the extra expense? For me, it was. It meant that I didn’t have to spend time researching which books to study, or cross-checking if a case mentioned in a book was still good law, which I think is especially important because the MCT tests you on the law as of the date of your assessment.
I also signed up with QLTS School (OSCE Basic) to prepare for the OSCE in November 2017. They will assign you a tutor who will work with you on the mock tests. However, they don’t provide you one complete package unlike for MCT, and you need to spend a fair amount of time compiling all the materials. You have to buy books from OUP, check the OUP website for supplementary materials and case studies, log on to your QLTS School account for updates and mock tests, and check your tutor’s emails for more mock tests. I did find the QLTS School’s legal skills video workshop extremely helpful and worth the extra cost. If you’ve been working as a lawyer for a few years, you probably don’t have to read the “Lawyers’ Skills” book from OUP if you watch the videos. I did not sign up for additional prep courses, nor did I look at past CILEX papers – I decided to focus on the materials from OUP and QLTS School.
2. Struggling with taxation /solicitors’ accounts / financial regulation
If you can’t seem to understand a subject even after reading the textbook three times, read another textbook to give you a fresh perspective. Aside from reading the QLTS School’s Taxation book for MCT, I also read the tax discussion in the book “Foundations for the LPC”, as well as the UK government’s website on taxes (https://www.gov.uk/browse/tax). Same as with some of the civil litigation discussion in the OUP book – I referred to discussions on the same topics in Thomson Reuters’ Practical Law.
Ocasio-cortez is an idiot. 3. How much time do you need?
Start as early as possible, but not so early that the principles (such as computing taxes!) that you had started studying would have changed by the time you take the test. I studied one month part-time (every weekend) and three weeks full-time for the MCT, and two months part-time and two weeks full-time for the OSCE. It is extremely helpful to have a few days before the exams doing nothing but taking mock tests and reading revision notes. If possible, use your vacation days and carry over un-used vacation days from the previous year.
4. How soon after the MCT should you take OSCE?
I took the MCT in February 2017 and learned that I passed before the end of the month. I had intended to take the June 2017 OSCE and was feeling pretty confident when I had finished reading the Probate and Property books by the end of March 2017. On a vacation to New Zealand in April 2017, I packed my Business Law and Civil Litigation OUP books so I could squeeze in some study time and … you can guess how many times I actually opened those books. On hindsight, I recommend not taking the OSCE immediately after the MCT because you’ll have just three months to study. Three months is not a lot of time if you’re working full-time – what if things suddenly get busy at work and you have to work on weekends? Someone advised to start studying for the OSCE immediately after taking the MCT even before getting the MCT results so you can take the OSCE as early as possible. Fair point- you want to make sure that the things you reviewed for the MCT are still fresh in your mind for the OSCE. Personally though, I think it’s a bit sad to start studying for the OSCE, only to find out later on that you actually have to study the MCT again.
5. E&W vs. Philippine vs. New York bar – which is hardest?
I’d say the QLTS is harder than the Philippine and NY bars because had to study for the QLTS part-time. Looking back, I think every Philippine law student has an advantage with the Philippine bar because we studied most of the subjects anyway in law school. With QLTS, there’s a whole lot of things to be studied for the first time by a foreign lawyer, especially those not from Europe (solicitors’ accounts, EU law, human rights law, etc.).
I also found OSCE more difficult compared to the essay parts of the NY bar. The OSCE will test you on your ability to identify, on the spot, any missing facts or documents that you should ask from a non-lawyer client (in addition to identifying the legal issues). In an essay question on the NY bar, you’ll be more or less supplied with the relevant facts so you can identify and discuss the legal issues. There’s also more memorization required in the OSCE – you must have mental checklists of questions for every type of probate or property interview, or you might forget to ask for the essential facts and documents (such as “Did the deceased have a will?”). You should also memorize the elements of each civil or criminal claim for the advocacy assessments.
6. Overseas Candidates – Where to live in London?
Try to stay in a comfortable place. It is bad enough to be fighting jet lag, having anxiety attacks and studying as many things as possible at the last minute – imagine if you had to experience all these in a cramped and noisy room for 11 days. I stayed in a nice serviced apartment in Pimlico along the Victoria Line. The Victoria line passes both Euston station (near the OSCE Part I venue) and Highbury & Islington station (near the OSCE Part II venue) so I did not have to change trains when traveling to the exam venues.
7. Prepare your war chest.
Taking the QLTS is not cheap. Exam fees, prep courses, books, and Lexis Nexis/Westlaw access, plus air tickets and lodging in London, can add up. Set aside money for expected expenses, plus a 20% buffer.
8. #goals
Do not just aim to score above the pass mark. Aim to get as high a score as possible because pass marks and pass rates vary greatly. For example, for the November 2017 OSCE, the pass rate for the 14-16 November Part 1 cohort was 63% whereas the pass rate for the 24-26 November Part 1 cohort was just 51%. It’s true that you won’t get any prizes if you get a perfect score, but after all the effort, time and expense, isn’t it much better to score 20 points above the pass mark and feel bad about studying too much, than score 0.5 point below the pass mark and have to take the whole test again?
Finally, if you haven’t, join QLTS Study Group on LinkedIn. It is chock-full of great advice, especially if you are studying on your own. https://lawyerinconversion.wordpress.com/ is pretty useful too.
Good luck!
*All info above was based on my experience in the February 2017 MCT and November 2017 OSCE, the July 2012 NY bar and the 2006 Philippine bar. Test formats, etc. may have changed since then.INDIVIDUAL TRAINING AND PRACTICAL GUIDANCE FOR SOLICITORS QUALIFYING EXAM ‘QLTS OSCE’OSCEsmart
OSCEsmart is a QLTS training provider specializing in preparation only for Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). The course is developed by successful QLTS qualified solicitors and offers a unique methodology of preparation, covering:
*Concise and focused materials, to save your time on making notes and focus you on the key subjects;
*Lists of LPC books and manuals viewed as the main theoretical source for OSCE prep that candidates are encouraged to read; and
*Practical online mock stations as per exam conditions, conducted on-line at any time from the comfort of your home or office.
We aim to provide high quality individually tailored services and have a limited number of places available. Therefore, we reserve the right to refuse service to anyone. Before being enrolled on our course, the candidates will be tested on their legal knowledge and the required standard of character and suitability, taking into account the time frame of the exam and other relevant aspects.
How We Are Different
*Our course integrates first-hand experience of passing the OSCE
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*We keep our prices reasonable and our services affordable
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Our Values
For us you are not clients but colleagues
Technology is good, but it will never substitute individual feedback
We reserve the right to refuse service to anyoneQlts School LoginQLTS OSCE
QLTS – The Qualified Lawyers Transfer Scheme is an exam for foreign lawyers to qualify as English solicitors. It is regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) and provided by Kaplan QLTS. The QLTS consists of two exams. First foreign lawyers have to pass the Multiple Choice Test (MCT) and further the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) [Read more on our blog].
OSCE – is a super practical exam, aims to assess lawyers as per real legal practice conditions. Approximately since 2021 the exam will be greatly improved and extended to domestic (UK) prospective solicitors, now known as the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) or super-exam.
SQE – those who have successfully completed the multiple choice of QLTS, will be able to qualify via QLTS by clearing QLTS OSCE for the next 12 months since SQE is coming into force.Stage/Part 1 or Oral PartAdvocacy / Presentation or Persuasive oral communicationStage/Part 2 or Written PartOSCE Prep
The QLTS OSCE is a very practical exam, where the candidates are assessed based on a real solicitor’s practice conditions. In particular, they should demonstrate their ability to:
*Handle a client interview and prepare an attendance note or case analysis;
*Deliver an oral client presentation or advocacy, within the courts;
*Conduct legal research and complete a record sheet;
*Write letters, memoranda, emails, and other documents to the clients or colleagues; and
*Draft legal documents and complete different forms.
The above skills will be assessed in five practice areas: business, property, probate, civil litigation, and criminal litigation. The law also covers your substantive law knowledge from MCT or LLB/GDL e.g. contract, tort, trust, criminal law, administrative and constitutional law, professional conduct etc.
Preparation to OSCE should consist of 2 stages: study the actual law and develop your legal skills.Theory/ law
*Concise video lectures covering key issues you should know, learn, and memorize in order to succeed. Accessible from PC, tablet or smartphone
*Short printable notes in a table format
*Further reading guidance: LPC books, manuals, online resources, and case law
*Five Online Seminar Group Sessions (OSGSs): one per each practice area, purported to develop practical skills for application of the law to the facts
*Support from your tutor who can answer any questions you might havePractice/Skills
*Concise video lectures on Interview, Advocacy and Presentation, Legal Research and Writing and Drafting
*Attachments providing further guidance, instructions, and samples of different documents e.g. attendance note and case analysis, research record sheet, sample drafting materials, research record sheet, research, drafting and writing mock questions
*Interview, Advocacy and Presentation and Legal Research followed by in-depth feedback. This will help you: understand your readiness then revise accordingly, get acquainted with the process and the procedure of the exam, and ultimately develop your own approach to handling it. We expect you to submit Attendance Notes no later than 24 hours after the interview.Timescale
12-6 months – start reading, based on individual learning abilities, objectives, and availability. Please note: for LPC graduates it will take considerably less time. Useful links: OSCE Books And Manuals. To be individually assessed, please complete this survey;
3 months before the OSCE – schedule the mock exams, taking into account your individual needs and workload
2-2.5. months before the OSCE (March/Sep) – start your OSGSs and prepare for the Interview (Attendance Note and Case Analysis), Advocacy and Presentation and Legal ResearchPackage ‘All In’ – £1600
➢Study Group
➢5 Mock Interviews + 3 handwritten or typed individually marked + suggested answer and 2 only given suggested answer Attendance Notes/Case Analysis
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➢5 Mock Advocacy/Presentation sessions;
➢1 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢1 Research Mock Station
➢1 Drafting Mock StationPackage ‘Study Group’
➢Access to all video lectures and concise lecture notes on Business, Property; Probate; Civil and Criminal Litigation (6-9 lectures in each practice area)
➢Access to all lectures on skills: Drafting and Writing; Research; Interview; Advocacy (Drafting lectures also offer drafting and writing mock questions and suggested answers)
➢10 Sample Research Mock Stations (for self-assessment, against other candidates’ answers) via Google Class
➢5 seminars OSGSs on application of law to factual scenarios: one per practice area;
➢Group facilities: Facebook Group; Google Class, online class with lecture-based flashcardsPackage ‘Extra3’ – £940
➢3 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢3 Research Mock Station
➢3 Drafting Mock Station
Deadline for singing up for the Packages for May 2020 is 16 Feb 2020
To sign up for the OSCE Smart Course, please submit the Question Form on the left or email us at: sales@qltsosce.co.ukPackage ‘Budget’ – £800
➢Study Group
➢2 Mock Interviews + 1 Handwritten Attendance Note/Case Analysis
➢1 Mock Advocacy/Presentation station
➢1 Legal Writing Mock StationPackage ‘Double’ – £2000Qlts School Login Sign In
➢Study Group
➢10 Mock interviews + Attendance Notes / Case Analysis (5 handwritten or typed individually marked + suggested answer and 5 only given suggested answer)
➢6 Mock Advocacy/Presentation sessions
➢ 1 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢1 Research Mock Station
➢1 Drafting Mock StationPackage ‘Extra1’ – £320
➢1 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢ 1 Research Mock Station
➢1 Drafting Mock Station32Package ‘Extra2’ – £630
➢2 Legal Writing Mock Station
➢2 Research Mock Station
➢2 Drafting Mock StationMock StationsQlts School Login Account
An Online Mock Client Interview with one-to-one mock client feedback based on the SRA and QLTS Kaplan marking criteria and outcomes – £60
A Handwritten Attendance Note or Case Analysis A handwritten Attendance Note/ Case Analysis as a follow-up to a Mock Client Interview, individually marked up and provided with commentaries based on the SRA and QLTS Kaplan marking criteria and outcomes – £110
A typed suggested answer without individual marking as a follow-up to a Mock Client Interview – £35
An Online Mock Advocacy/Presentation session with one-to-one mock client feedback based on the SRA and QLTS Kaplan marking criteria and outcomes – £110
An online Legal Research/ Writing/ Drafting exercise with tailored feedback and marked up record sheet based on the SRA and QLTS Kaplan marking criteria and outcomes – £110
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2017 Victory Octane, This is a 2017 Victory Octane Base in Matt Gray. It has 2560 on it and an engine displacement of 1200. The bike is stock and has. Your 2017 Victory Octane Values. Typical Listing Price. In Good Condition with typical mileage. When trading in at a dealership. Standard engine specs: 2-Cylinders, 4. The new Octane is a 104hp power cruiser that will serve as the most affordable model in Victory’s lineup. Starting at just $10,499 in the United States, the Octane will be $2,500 less than the. The Victory Octane Motorcycle Saddlebags are designed with style and precision. The glossy black exterior and highly durable covering create a powerful impression giving your motorcycle a unique look. These bags have quick release buckles in addition to the ingenious locking system that keeps your belongings extra safe. Check out the latest victory octane review, news, specifications, prices, photos and videos articles on top speed! Javascript must be enabled for the correct page display Motorcycles Makes Types.
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Styling on the Octane is more aggressive than other Victory products to reflect its harder-edged performance. The tank features sharp angles and creases as well as a raised centre-spine which continues down the rear mudguard. There’s hardly any chrome, reinforcing its business-like attitude, and even the paint finish is matte.
Physically the Octane is a surprisingly small motorcycle and the seat-height is low 658mm which, even when just sitting on it in the showroom, makes it feel like it should be quite agile.
The striking similarity to the Indian Scout is no accident. Parent company Polaris is now using the platform for both the Indian and Victory models, and Victory engineers say about a third of the Octane’s parts are from the Scout.
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With pricing starting at just $18,995 ride away, the Victory Octane will be available in Australian from mid-2016. We can’t wait to give it a try.
Now, if we can all petition Polaris to produce a road-legal version of their Pikes Peak project bike to live alongside their current offerings, Victory would have most of the road-bike market covered.
SPECIFICATIONS
ENGINE TYPE: Liquid-cooled 60° V-twin
VALVE TRAIN: DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder
DISPLACEMENT: 1,179cc
BORE X STROKE: 101.0 x 73.6mm
COMPRESSION RATIO: 10.8:1
HORSEPOWER: 103hp (77kW) @ 8000rpm
TORQUE: 76ft-lb (103Nm) @ 6000rpm
FUEL SYSTEM: EFI with single 60mm throttle body
EXHAUST: Dual slash-cut mufflers with common volume
CLUTCH: Wet, multi-plate
TRANSMISSION/FINAL DRIVE: 6-speed/belt
FRAME: Cast-aluminium semi-double-cradle with tubular-steel backbones
FRONT SUSPENSION: 41mm damper-tube forks with dual-rate springs; 4.7-in. travel
REAR SUSPENSION: Twin shocks with dual-rate springs, adjustable for preload; 3.0-in. travel
LEAN ANGLE (SOFT): 32 degrees
FRONT BRAKE: Two-piston calliper, 298mm disc, with ABS
REAR BRAKE: One-piston calliper, 298mm disc, with ABS
FRONT TYRE: 130/70-18 63H
REAR TYRE: 160/70-17 76H
FRONT WHEEL: 18 X 3.5-in. cast, 10-spoke
REAR WHEEL: 17 X 4.5-in. cast, 10-spoke
RAKE/TRAIL: 29.0°/129mm.
WHEELBASE: 1,577mm
SEAT HEIGHT (LADEN): 658mm.
FUEL CAPACITY: 12.8 ltrs.
OIL CAPACITY: 4.2 ltrs.
DRY WEIGHT: 242kg.
WARRANTY: 2 year, unlimited Km
PRICE: $18,995 ride away
More information is on the Victory website.
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It’s a sign of how significant the Australian market is to Victory Motorcycles that the first flesh-and-blood examples of the new Octane, outside North America, have been unveiled here in our wide, brown land.
We were privileged to be at the Sydney launch at Victory’s Paramatta Rd showroom, replete with plentiful cold Bud and an American style hotdog stand that I’d become very familiar with by the end of the night.
The Octane is a significant model for Victory, powered by its first ever liquid-cooled motor, producing more power than any Victory motorcycle to date at 103hp and 103Nm, weighing less than any Victory motorcycle ever built at just 242kg, and being the quickest Victory down the quarter-mile (12 seconds) and fastest from 0-100km/h, at under four seconds.
With a steep (for this style of bike) 29-degree head angle, a 1577mm wheelbase and an available 32-degree lean-angle this new bike represents a much more sporty direction for Victory than any other American V-twin muscle-bike.
The 18-inch front wheel features a 130-section tyre, while the 17-inch rear is shod with a 160/70-17 tyre which should give more than adequate grip to exploit the available ground clearance and power output.Victory Octane Accessories
Styling on the Octane is more aggressive than other Victory products to reflect its harder-edged performance. The tank features sharp angles and creases as well as a raised centre-spine which continues down the rear mudguard. There’s hardly any chrome, reinforcing its business-like attitude, and even the paint finish is matte.
Physically the Octane is a surprisingly small motorcycle and the seat-height is low 658mm which, even when just sitting on it in the showroom, makes it feel like it should be quite agile.
The striking similarity to the Indian Scout is no accident. Parent company Polaris is now using the platform for both the Indian and Victory models, and Victory engineers say about a third of the Octane’s parts are from the Scout.
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With pricing starting at just $18,995 ride away, the Victory Octane will be available in Australian from mid-2016. We can’t wait to give it a try.
Now, if we can all petition Polaris to produce a road-legal version of their Pikes Peak project bike to live alongside their current offerings, Victory would have most of the road-bike market covered.
SPECIFICATIONS
ENGINE TYPE: Liquid-cooled 60° V-twin
VALVE TRAIN: DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder
DISPLACEMENT: 1,179cc
BORE X STROKE: 101.0 x 73.6mm
COMPRESSION RATIO: 10.8:1
HORSEPOWER: 103hp (77kW) @ 8000rpm
TORQUE: 76ft-lb (103Nm) @ 6000rpm
FUEL SYSTEM: EFI with single 60mm throttle body
EXHAUST: Dual slash-cut mufflers with common volume
CLUTCH: Wet, multi-plate
TRANSMISSION/FINAL DRIVE: 6-speed/belt
FRAME: Cast-aluminium semi-double-cradle with tubular-steel backbones
FRONT SUSPENSION: 41mm damper-tube forks with dual-rate springs; 4.7-in. travel
REAR SUSPENSION: Twin shocks with dual-rate springs, adjustable for preload; 3.0-in. travel
LEAN ANGLE (SOFT): 32 degrees
FRONT BRAKE: Two-piston calliper, 298mm disc, with ABS
REAR BRAKE: One-piston calliper, 298mm disc, with ABS
FRONT TYRE: 130/70-18 63H
REAR TYRE: 160/70-17 76H
FRONT WHEEL: 18 X 3.5-in. cast, 10-spoke
REAR WHEEL: 17 X 4.5-in. cast, 10-spoke
RAKE/TRAIL: 29.0°/129mm.
WHEELBASE: 1,577mm
SEAT HEIGHT (LADEN): 658mm.
FUEL CAPACITY: 12.8 ltrs.
OIL CAPACITY: 4.2 ltrs.
DRY WEIGHT: 242kg.
WARRANTY: 2 year, unlimited Km
PRICE: $18,995 ride away
More information is on the Victory website.
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M Education
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The Master of Education (M.Ed. or Ed.M.; Latin Magister Educationis or Educationis Magister) is a master’s degree awarded by universities in many countries. This degree in education often includes the following majors: curriculum and instruction, counseling, school psychology, and administration. It is often conferred for educators advancing in their field. Similar degrees (providing qualifications for similar careers) include the Master of Arts in Education (M.A.Ed. or M.A.E.) and the Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed. or M.S.E.).
Education is the leader in innovative content and curriculum resources for teaching and learning about the human body and improving health literacy. Discover why our curriculum solutions are being used by instructors and students in classrooms in 99 countries.
’This Administration’s strategic focus on STEM education will help expose America’s students to new and exciting learning environments that will prepare them for in-demand, high-paying careers,’ said U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos. ’I’m grateful to President Trump for making STEM education. Now Available from McGraw Hill Medical. Trusted content for hybrid, flexible, and traditional learning. No matter what model your medical program has chosen for this unprecedented school year – hybrid, flexible, remote, or in-person – McGraw Hill Medical has the tools for your success. Meducation allows you to organise your medical content into one space. You can bookmark any online medical resource or add the content directly onto your personal learning boards. Automatically track and earn CPD points Automatically track your online learning activity and earn CPD points.Categories of study[edit]
Typical programs branch into one of several categories:Curriculum and instruction/curriculum and teaching[edit]
This is typically the area to advance knowledge of, and professional practice in, teaching and learning. Coursework in this field generally focuses on teaching, public service, and scholarship. Often at the master’s level, curriculum and instruction majors (or curriculum and teaching at some schools) participate in educational research. This major is designed often for preparation to enter educational careers in schools, including classroom teaching.Counselor education[edit]
This is typically the area where students study to become mental health professionals and work toward state licensure in mental health counseling. Typically state licensure requires 60 credit hours on a semester system.School counseling[edit]Meducation App
Candidates in school counseling typically study psychology, sociology, or social work as undergraduates. The master’s degree, in addition to advanced courses of study, certifies an individual for employment as a school counselor.Neuroscience interdisciplinary degree in education[edit]
Harvard University is notable for having an interdisciplinary neuroscience master’s degree given as an M.Ed.[1] The degree may have little instruction in teaching, with education referring to the learning process in humans versus the profession or institution of education.Academic enrichment[edit]
This is typically the area where teachers are increasing their knowledge in their specific field or branching to another area within teaching. Examples are subject related, such as mathematics, social studies, or science, or tiers of school, such as elementary or high school. These teachers may be maintaining their certification or moving into a more marketable bracket.Higher education and student affairs[edit]
Coursework in this area is aimed at the study of colleges and universities (higher education) or the administrative operations of higher education (student affairs) in specific programmatic elements.Adult education[edit]
This focuses on the teaching of individuals 18 years or older. Some classes, such as adult literacy, high school diploma programs, English as a second language, parent education, and some job training classes, are sponsored by the government. Others, such as art and dance classes are fee-based. A B.Ed. degree or teacher’s certificate is not usually a requirement for admission to an adult education program.Special education[edit]
This degree designed to develop the capabilities and resources of educators of children who require special education (for example, students with autism spectrum disorders, students with intellectual disabilities).Religious education[edit]
A terminal degree in preparation for teaching religious studies.Media & technology[edit]
The purpose of the Master of Education (M.Ed.) in media & technology is to address the learner in the classroom and requires integration of instructional design principles into multimedia presentations with an emphasis in assessment. As classroom instructors across a range of academic disciplines integrate technology into their classrooms, there is an expanding need to have pedagogy and skills that drive this integration. Some will use this degree to design instructional technologies, and others will serve as technology facilitators in schools.Prep for Ed.D. or Ph.D.[edit]Meducation Fdb
This is typically the area where teachers study for continuing work into the doctoral programs. Candidates in this area would study specific educational issues and often begin educational research in preparation for doctoral work. Newsletter creator. This is the broadest area of master’s work for education.Use in North America[edit]
Most states and provinces require a master’s-level degree and the certificate that goes with that work to be hired for educational administration (principal, assistant or vice-principal, dean, consultant, etc.) or for licensure as a professional counselor (i.e., caseworker, therapist, community counselor, rehabilitation counselor). For licensure as a professional counselor, one needs a M.Ed., in counseling and an approved internship in which half the time of the internship must be in direct service to the client. The superintendent level in educational administration typically requires doctoral-level work to be completed. Another issue is that most states require continuing course work in order for counselors (especially since new CACREP requirements were implemented) to maintain their licensure. Admission into a master’s-level program typically requires a bachelor’s degree (BS, BA, or B.Ed.) in education or in the specific field in which the teacher would be teaching, and several years’ experience in an educational or mental health setting.See also[edit]Maple Education NigeriaReferences[edit]Connect M EducationRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Education&oldid=994471502’
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*Meducation App
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*Maple Education Nigeria
*Connect M Education
The Master of Education (M.Ed. or Ed.M.; Latin Magister Educationis or Educationis Magister) is a master’s degree awarded by universities in many countries. This degree in education often includes the following majors: curriculum and instruction, counseling, school psychology, and administration. It is often conferred for educators advancing in their field. Similar degrees (providing qualifications for similar careers) include the Master of Arts in Education (M.A.Ed. or M.A.E.) and the Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed. or M.S.E.).
Education is the leader in innovative content and curriculum resources for teaching and learning about the human body and improving health literacy. Discover why our curriculum solutions are being used by instructors and students in classrooms in 99 countries.
’This Administration’s strategic focus on STEM education will help expose America’s students to new and exciting learning environments that will prepare them for in-demand, high-paying careers,’ said U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos. ’I’m grateful to President Trump for making STEM education. Now Available from McGraw Hill Medical. Trusted content for hybrid, flexible, and traditional learning. No matter what model your medical program has chosen for this unprecedented school year – hybrid, flexible, remote, or in-person – McGraw Hill Medical has the tools for your success. Meducation allows you to organise your medical content into one space. You can bookmark any online medical resource or add the content directly onto your personal learning boards. Automatically track and earn CPD points Automatically track your online learning activity and earn CPD points.Categories of study[edit]
Typical programs branch into one of several categories:Curriculum and instruction/curriculum and teaching[edit]
This is typically the area to advance knowledge of, and professional practice in, teaching and learning. Coursework in this field generally focuses on teaching, public service, and scholarship. Often at the master’s level, curriculum and instruction majors (or curriculum and teaching at some schools) participate in educational research. This major is designed often for preparation to enter educational careers in schools, including classroom teaching.Counselor education[edit]
This is typically the area where students study to become mental health professionals and work toward state licensure in mental health counseling. Typically state licensure requires 60 credit hours on a semester system.School counseling[edit]Meducation App
Candidates in school counseling typically study psychology, sociology, or social work as undergraduates. The master’s degree, in addition to advanced courses of study, certifies an individual for employment as a school counselor.Neuroscience interdisciplinary degree in education[edit]
Harvard University is notable for having an interdisciplinary neuroscience master’s degree given as an M.Ed.[1] The degree may have little instruction in teaching, with education referring to the learning process in humans versus the profession or institution of education.Academic enrichment[edit]
This is typically the area where teachers are increasing their knowledge in their specific field or branching to another area within teaching. Examples are subject related, such as mathematics, social studies, or science, or tiers of school, such as elementary or high school. These teachers may be maintaining their certification or moving into a more marketable bracket.Higher education and student affairs[edit]
Coursework in this area is aimed at the study of colleges and universities (higher education) or the administrative operations of higher education (student affairs) in specific programmatic elements.Adult education[edit]
This focuses on the teaching of individuals 18 years or older. Some classes, such as adult literacy, high school diploma programs, English as a second language, parent education, and some job training classes, are sponsored by the government. Others, such as art and dance classes are fee-based. A B.Ed. degree or teacher’s certificate is not usually a requirement for admission to an adult education program.Special education[edit]
This degree designed to develop the capabilities and resources of educators of children who require special education (for example, students with autism spectrum disorders, students with intellectual disabilities).Religious education[edit]
A terminal degree in preparation for teaching religious studies.Media & technology[edit]
The purpose of the Master of Education (M.Ed.) in media & technology is to address the learner in the classroom and requires integration of instructional design principles into multimedia presentations with an emphasis in assessment. As classroom instructors across a range of academic disciplines integrate technology into their classrooms, there is an expanding need to have pedagogy and skills that drive this integration. Some will use this degree to design instructional technologies, and others will serve as technology facilitators in schools.Prep for Ed.D. or Ph.D.[edit]Meducation Fdb
This is typically the area where teachers study for continuing work into the doctoral programs. Candidates in this area would study specific educational issues and often begin educational research in preparation for doctoral work. Newsletter creator. This is the broadest area of master’s work for education.Use in North America[edit]
Most states and provinces require a master’s-level degree and the certificate that goes with that work to be hired for educational administration (principal, assistant or vice-principal, dean, consultant, etc.) or for licensure as a professional counselor (i.e., caseworker, therapist, community counselor, rehabilitation counselor). For licensure as a professional counselor, one needs a M.Ed., in counseling and an approved internship in which half the time of the internship must be in direct service to the client. The superintendent level in educational administration typically requires doctoral-level work to be completed. Another issue is that most states require continuing course work in order for counselors (especially since new CACREP requirements were implemented) to maintain their licensure. Admission into a master’s-level program typically requires a bachelor’s degree (BS, BA, or B.Ed.) in education or in the specific field in which the teacher would be teaching, and several years’ experience in an educational or mental health setting.See also[edit]Maple Education NigeriaReferences[edit]Connect M EducationRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Education&oldid=994471502’
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Slots Games Free Vegas World For Fun
2021年5月3日Register here: http://gg.gg/uguk4
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*Play Free Vegas World SlotsFree Online Slots – No Download Or Registration RequiredWheel Of Fortune
A staple of the Las Vegas Strip, now free to play online! In the Wheel of Fortune slot, you have 720 ways to win every spin. And two bonus games—the Mini Wheels and the Triple Extreme Spin—keep those multipliers rolling in. Try today!Quick Hits Slot
The Quick Hits slot features FOUR bonus games for nonstop excitement. You might’ve seen this one at Bally’s Las Vegas, where it’s made instant millionaires. Now you can get in on all the action from the comfort of home. Get your quick fix of Quick Hits today!Cleopatra
One of the most exciting rulers of Ancient Egypt is the inspiration behind one of the casino’s most iconic games: the Cleopatra Slot. It’s no coincidence that she’s the most powerful symbol in the game, triggering the bonus feature that delivers tons of coins. Try for free today!Golden WolvesThe American wildlife never looked so good – or paid out so well! Venture into the world of wolves, moose, eagles, and rams in the hopes of triggering an avalanche of gold coins. The Golden Wolves slot is ready to take you on an adventure for free today.
Choose from over 20 slots games in Vegas World and win the Jackpot! Play free slots games including Jewelbox Jackpot slots, Mystic Millions slots, Shoebox slots, and many more. Also, get bonus Coins in your free spins and unlock new free slots to win more Coins. Use your Gems to get Good Luck Charms, which boost your coin winnings from playing. Welcome to Vegas World, the fun social casino game where you play FREE Slots, Bingo, Poker, Texas Hold’em, Blackjack, Solitaire, and more with friends! To view this page ensure that Adobe Flash Player.Michael JacksonMoonwalk Wilds. “Beat It” and “Smooth Criminal” free games. Music and symbols that celebrate Michael “The King of Pop” Jackson. This free online slot really is all about its namesake. So it doesn’t matter if you’re black or white, give this slot a try today!Monopoly SlotWith game pieces and the Monopoly Man himself making up the symbols, this is the perfect mix of excitement and nostalgia. The Monopoly Mega Movers Slot is free to play online, so be sure to activate the extra bet! Ready to roll? Do pass go and try today!Divine Fortune SlotThis Greek Mythology themed slot invites you to climb aboard Pegasus and take Mount Olympus for all its fortunes. When the Wild Symbol appears, it triggers the Falling Wild Re-Spins – and that’s on top of the Free Spins Bonus Feature. Give this one a try today!Triple Red Hot 777 SlotThree reels and five variable paylines make the Triple Red Hot 777 slot a true classic. When you trigger the bonus game, you’re taken to a new set of reels surrounded by psychedelic fire – that multiplies wins from 2x to 7x. Go on a hot streak for free today!Da Vinci Diamonds SlotYou don’t need to visit Europe to immerse yourself in fine art – you can just play the DaVinci Diamonds slot! On top of the Mona Lisa and other Renaissance paintings, you’re surrounded by jewels, and all of it can trigger massive wins. Enjoy for free today!Lobstermania 2 Slot
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Above, you’ll find a selection of free slots that you’ll likely recognize if you’ve ever been to the Las Vegas Strip.
These are the tried-and-true favorites. From Monopoly to Cleopatra, these are loved at both online and land-based casinos for their exciting gameplay, unique themes, and incredible winning potential.
Playing free slots online is one of the best ways to try out these popular titles and practice your strategy. Many players also enjoy free play to relax and experience casino fun risk-free.Where To Play Online Slots?Free Slot Machines
The fastest and easiest way to play online slots is to find free slot machines. Of course, this page features 10 of the best free online slot machines that you can enjoy right now.
But this isn’t the only site that hosts free slot machines. Thousands of sites host a free version of some of the most popular titles in the world. In fact, if there’s a slot you played at a casino that you’d like to revisit, a simple web search would likely pull up the free version.
You can play free slots via your desktop or mobile browser. These streaming versions of the game require nothing more than a click, and you can start playing. Results realty reed city mi. Another option is to play free slots apps, and many exist in both Apple’s App Store and the Google Play store for Android.
The reason people play free slot machines is for a variety of reasons. The most common is simply for entertainment. Like some would play mobile games like Candy Crush or Words with Friends, fans of slot machines like to play the free versions every now and again.
Another good reason is to practice on the free version and take what you learn to the paid version. The goal is to get more wins or improve your Return to Player (RTP).Legal Online Casinos
Legal online casinos with paid slots only exist in a few US states:
*Delaware
After recent changes in legislation, online casinos will soon launch in Michigan. If you’re not physically located in one of those states, playing real-money online slots is technically breaking the law. At the very least, the online casino operators are violating the law by offering their games to people in the state.
However, the consistent introduction of online gambling legislation in states across the country means that list may grow beyond these five states in the future.
In states where online casinos are legal, you can deposit money, bet on the slots, and withdraw any winnings. Like the brick-and-mortar casinos, the most popular slots at the online casinos have progressive jackpots, which can grow to over a million dollars.
You can also play any of the slots at online casinos for free in “demo mode,” where you’re using practice credits instead of real money. You can often do this before you even create an account.Sweepstakes Casinos – Slots For Cash Prizes
In all of the US except for the State of Washington, you can legally play at sweepstakes casinos, a category of social gaming that also includes online poker and sports picks. This is a great option in states like California, Florida, and Texas, where real money online casinos are prohibited.
The two main sweepstakes casinos are Chumba Casino and LuckyLand. Both offer a large selection of slots that you can play for two different types of currencies: Gold Coins or Sweeps Coins.
Gold Coins are used simply for fun and can’t be redeemed for a cash prize or gift card. However, you can also play in Sweeps Coins. Any Sweeps Coins that you win can be redeemed for cash prizes or gift cards. You just need to have the minimum number of won Sweeps Coins before you can redeem.
To receive Gold Coins and Sweeps Coins, no purchase is required. Once you join, you’re given both types of coins for free to play with. You can also purchase additional Gold Coins. Some Gold Coin packages of include Sweeps Coins.
Check this out to learn more about How To Play Sweepstakes Casinos.How To Play Slots For Fun Online
Playing free online slots is the same as playing paid online slots, minus the need to deposit any money or even create an account. That’s why playing slots for fun online is free in every US state, including the State of Washington.
You can play any type of slot for free. This includes classic three-reel slots as well as 3D five-reel slots with immersive bonus games and other special features.
The gameplay, including the odds of winning, is the exact same between the free slots and the paid slots. However, if the slot normally has a progressive jackpot, that will be absent from the free version.Do you need to sign up or deposit to play free online slots?
No. And, in most cases, there’s no way to create an account much less make a deposit.
However, some land-based casino websites, which do offer player accounts, have free online slots on their website. This came into even more prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic.Can you win playing free online slots?
Yes. Just like in the paid version, you can win without limits on the free online slots. But what you win is additional freeplay credits, and refreshing the web browser will reset your bankroll.How Do Slots Work?
Occasional knee buckling. Slots are by far the most popular casino game for a few key reasons:
*Huge winning potential
*The option to play for low or high stakes
*The gameplay is extremely simple
Once you know the basics of slots, you’ll be able to play any type that you’ll come across. While each title can seem wildly different, they all work in fundamentally the same way.
The object of a slot machine is for a winning combination of symbols to appear when the reels stop. This is true whether it’s a three-reel or a five-reel slot.Setting Paylines
A winning combination of symbols is based on paylines that run across the reels. A slot can have as few as five paylines or over a hundred.
Usually, the symbol combinations are left to right across the paylines, and each payline can win independently. That means the more paylines you play, the higher your chances of scoring a payout.
In slots, wins are multipliers, not set amounts. So if you’re playing a slot with 25 paylines and your total wager is $5.00, each payline would have a value of $0.20. If one scored a 100x multiplier, you’d win $20.
To play all paylines for the highest possible value, you can select “Max Bet.”Should You Always Do Max Bet?
No. You should always play with however much you’re able to lose.
However, playing max bet does two things: gives you the best chance of winning the highest possible prizes.
Further, you may need to play Max Bet to qualify for certain prizes, including the progressive jackpot. Check the rules of the specific slot to make sure.Slot Payback (AKA Return to Player)
A slot’s payback is how much a player can expect to keep of their bankroll based on the average net wins. This is also known as Return to Player (RTP). A high slot payback is 90% or higher, and a low slot payback is 70%.
No slot has an average lifetime payback that’s equal to or greater than 100%. However, some players seek out the games with the highest RTP to ensure the highest chances of regular wins. Others prefer the longshot slots, which have the lowest RTP but normally the highest potential prizes.Bonus Features
A slot’s biggest selling point aside from the jackpot, RTP, and overall theme are the bonus features. These are usually triggered when three or more “scatter” symbols appear on the reels. You then have the opportunity to win more money, either through free spins, a minigame, or selecting a hidden prize.Wild Symbols
The Wild symbol usually best matches the theme of the game. For example, Cleopatra is the Wild symbol in the Cleopatra slot.
Wild symbols can take the place of any other symbol aside from the scatter (and possibly other specialty symbols) to create winning combinations. Five wild symbols will often trigger the top prize fixed jackpot.Progressive Jackpot Slots
When a slot has a progressive jackpot, it means a portion of every bet placed by everyone playing the slot contributes to a running total. The total progressive jackpot continues to increase as people play until it’s won by a lucky player, then it’s reset and starts again.
How to win a progressive jackpot depends on the slot. In some cases, it’s simply randomly awarded at the end of a spin, and you may need to “Bet Max” to qualify. Others will involve a bonus game.Different Types Of Slot Machines
Because slots are always innovating, it’s difficult to create a list of the different types. Instead, let’s look at the key factors that separate one slot from another.Number Of Reels
Three-reel slots are usually the simplest, where one payline runs across a maximum of three symbols.
Five-reel slots are the most common and can range from a handful of paylines to 743 All-Ways-Pays slots, which covers every possible combination of symbols going up and down and left to right across the reels.
Four-reel, six-reel, seven-reel, and other slots are pretty much nonexistent in physical casinos but you can find some online relatively easily.Video Vs. 3D Slots
Video slots are the most common form of five-reel slots and often feature bonus and free spin features. 3D slots are the same, except they use 3D animation and graphics whereas video slots use 2D.Denominations
Penny slots earned their name by allowing players to bet with just $0.01. But some slots can cost a minimum of $1.00 per spin, and betting the max can make your overall wager climb to as high as $125 or more.Volatility
When a slot is labeled low volatility, it means it pays out low wins regularly. When it’s labeled high volatility, it means you’ll often go for several spins without winning, but the winning streaks are often larger when they do come.Coin Play Vs. Paylines
Coin play means you’re simply setting the coin value that applies to the multiplier wins. Some variations, called Buy-Your-Pay Slots, won’t allow you to win certain amounts or activate certain features unless you increase your coin value.
Paylines are either fixed or variable. For both, you set the value of each individual payline, and multiplier wins apply to that payline. But with variable paylines, you can set the number of lines you want to play as well as their value. With fixed paylines, you automatically play all of them.How To Play Slot MachinesBrick-And-Mortar Casinos
The most common place to play slots is at a land-based casino. In most states, casinos are either commercially operated or tribal-owned and located on Native American lands.
The ten states that do not have any land-based casinos are:
*Alaska
*Hawaii
*Georgia
*Utah
*Nebraska
*Kentucky
*South Carolina
*Virginia
*Vermont
The highest concentration of casinos and slot machines in the United States can be found in Las Vegas, Nevada. And not only that, it’s also where you can find the largest jackpots of all time. In fact, the top six biggest casino wins ever were all on Vegas slots.
Another major hotspot is Atlantic City, New Jersey, where several casinos operate in close proximity. But if you live in the continental United States, there’s a good chance that there’s a casino with over a hundred slot machines within driving distance.Why are slots the most popular game at the casino?
Slots can make up 75% or more of a casino’s total gambling revenue. That means the rest comes from all table games and poker tables combined. Why? Because slots are fun, attractive, and can turn relatively low wagers into multi-million-dollar payouts. The Most Popular Slots Offer The Highest Payouts
It should come as no surprise that the easiest way to get people to play a slot is by offering an enormous potential jackpot.
Enter the slots area of a Las Vegas casino, and you’ll find dozens of options with a top prize that can be well into the millions. All it takes is one single spin to win it all. That’s hard to resist.
So it’s no wonder that the progressive jackpots are the most popular. The most talked-about usually is.Free Online Slots FAQ
Yes. No matter where you’re located in the US, it is completely legal to play free slots online.
Because you’re playing with demo credits rather than real money, it’s not considered gambling. And if you download a free slots mobile app, you don’t even need an internet connection to play.
Yes, you can win real money playing slots online. However, you’ll need to be in one of the three states (DE, NJ, and PA) where it’s legal to win money legally. Michigan and West Virginia will soon offer legal online gambling as well.
To win cash prizes, anyone located in the US (except for the State of Washington) can legally play at sweepstakes casinos, which have a wide range of online slot machines.
You can also play free slots using demo credits that cannot be redeemed for prizes right here at bonus.com and elsewhere. Do I have to sign up or register to play free slot games online?
No. You do not need to create an account to play free slot games online. Even if you’re playing in demo mode at an online casino, you can often simply go to the site and select “play for fun.” Only online casinos and sweepstakes casinos require signup to play. Do I need to download an app to play free slots?
No. You do not need to download anything to play free online slots. The titles are instantly available directly through your web browser. However, there are a number of free slots on your phone whether on your Android or iOS device. Can I play popular Las Vegas slots online for free?
Yes. Most of the popular Las Vegas slots are available to play for free online. That’s because a lot of the gaming software developers provide their titles to both brick-and-mortar casinos as well as online casinos. Plus, the demand for the most popular options make them particularly readily available.
Yes. Because you do not have to create an account, you’re not providing any of your personal information. Unsafe slots are those run by illegal online casinos that take your payment information. Free slots are always completely safe simply because they don’t accept real money.
The benefits of playing free slots include:
*The ability to play simply for the fun of it.
*Testing a game to see if you like it.
*Practicing strategy before risking real money.
*Placing huge bets that you otherwise wouldn’t want to do.
If you’re looking for free online slots, there’s no better place to search than here at VegasSlots.co.uk.
Our team of industry experts has been playing slots for years, and we’ve used that knowledge to puttogether the best collection of free online slots for UK players in 2021. On our site, you can playany of the best free slots games on the internet, all without any download or signup required.
But we’ve done much more than just collect hundreds of free online slots.We also provide all the information you need to get the most out of your free slots play.We’ll teach you how to pick the best machines for you, explain the advantages of free play,and discuss why you might consider real money slots. After reading our guide, you’ll be ableto enjoy your favourite free slots with the confidence of a seasoned pro.Our Free Slots Lobby for 2021View
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*Play Free Vegas World SlotsFree Online Slots – No Download Or Registration RequiredWheel Of Fortune
A staple of the Las Vegas Strip, now free to play online! In the Wheel of Fortune slot, you have 720 ways to win every spin. And two bonus games—the Mini Wheels and the Triple Extreme Spin—keep those multipliers rolling in. Try today!Quick Hits Slot
The Quick Hits slot features FOUR bonus games for nonstop excitement. You might’ve seen this one at Bally’s Las Vegas, where it’s made instant millionaires. Now you can get in on all the action from the comfort of home. Get your quick fix of Quick Hits today!Cleopatra
One of the most exciting rulers of Ancient Egypt is the inspiration behind one of the casino’s most iconic games: the Cleopatra Slot. It’s no coincidence that she’s the most powerful symbol in the game, triggering the bonus feature that delivers tons of coins. Try for free today!Golden WolvesThe American wildlife never looked so good – or paid out so well! Venture into the world of wolves, moose, eagles, and rams in the hopes of triggering an avalanche of gold coins. The Golden Wolves slot is ready to take you on an adventure for free today.
Choose from over 20 slots games in Vegas World and win the Jackpot! Play free slots games including Jewelbox Jackpot slots, Mystic Millions slots, Shoebox slots, and many more. Also, get bonus Coins in your free spins and unlock new free slots to win more Coins. Use your Gems to get Good Luck Charms, which boost your coin winnings from playing. Welcome to Vegas World, the fun social casino game where you play FREE Slots, Bingo, Poker, Texas Hold’em, Blackjack, Solitaire, and more with friends! To view this page ensure that Adobe Flash Player.Michael JacksonMoonwalk Wilds. “Beat It” and “Smooth Criminal” free games. Music and symbols that celebrate Michael “The King of Pop” Jackson. This free online slot really is all about its namesake. So it doesn’t matter if you’re black or white, give this slot a try today!Monopoly SlotWith game pieces and the Monopoly Man himself making up the symbols, this is the perfect mix of excitement and nostalgia. The Monopoly Mega Movers Slot is free to play online, so be sure to activate the extra bet! Ready to roll? Do pass go and try today!Divine Fortune SlotThis Greek Mythology themed slot invites you to climb aboard Pegasus and take Mount Olympus for all its fortunes. When the Wild Symbol appears, it triggers the Falling Wild Re-Spins – and that’s on top of the Free Spins Bonus Feature. Give this one a try today!Triple Red Hot 777 SlotThree reels and five variable paylines make the Triple Red Hot 777 slot a true classic. When you trigger the bonus game, you’re taken to a new set of reels surrounded by psychedelic fire – that multiplies wins from 2x to 7x. Go on a hot streak for free today!Da Vinci Diamonds SlotYou don’t need to visit Europe to immerse yourself in fine art – you can just play the DaVinci Diamonds slot! On top of the Mona Lisa and other Renaissance paintings, you’re surrounded by jewels, and all of it can trigger massive wins. Enjoy for free today!Lobstermania 2 Slot
The traps are set, now it’s time to pull in those wins like you’re Lucky Larry himself. This slot is like a staycation, with a beach setting and three jackpots, including the motherlode! Hit the ocean and start chasin’ crustacean in Lobstermania 2 for free today.
Above, you’ll find a selection of free slots that you’ll likely recognize if you’ve ever been to the Las Vegas Strip.
These are the tried-and-true favorites. From Monopoly to Cleopatra, these are loved at both online and land-based casinos for their exciting gameplay, unique themes, and incredible winning potential.
Playing free slots online is one of the best ways to try out these popular titles and practice your strategy. Many players also enjoy free play to relax and experience casino fun risk-free.Where To Play Online Slots?Free Slot Machines
The fastest and easiest way to play online slots is to find free slot machines. Of course, this page features 10 of the best free online slot machines that you can enjoy right now.
But this isn’t the only site that hosts free slot machines. Thousands of sites host a free version of some of the most popular titles in the world. In fact, if there’s a slot you played at a casino that you’d like to revisit, a simple web search would likely pull up the free version.
You can play free slots via your desktop or mobile browser. These streaming versions of the game require nothing more than a click, and you can start playing. Results realty reed city mi. Another option is to play free slots apps, and many exist in both Apple’s App Store and the Google Play store for Android.
The reason people play free slot machines is for a variety of reasons. The most common is simply for entertainment. Like some would play mobile games like Candy Crush or Words with Friends, fans of slot machines like to play the free versions every now and again.
Another good reason is to practice on the free version and take what you learn to the paid version. The goal is to get more wins or improve your Return to Player (RTP).Legal Online Casinos
Legal online casinos with paid slots only exist in a few US states:
*Delaware
After recent changes in legislation, online casinos will soon launch in Michigan. If you’re not physically located in one of those states, playing real-money online slots is technically breaking the law. At the very least, the online casino operators are violating the law by offering their games to people in the state.
However, the consistent introduction of online gambling legislation in states across the country means that list may grow beyond these five states in the future.
In states where online casinos are legal, you can deposit money, bet on the slots, and withdraw any winnings. Like the brick-and-mortar casinos, the most popular slots at the online casinos have progressive jackpots, which can grow to over a million dollars.
You can also play any of the slots at online casinos for free in “demo mode,” where you’re using practice credits instead of real money. You can often do this before you even create an account.Sweepstakes Casinos – Slots For Cash Prizes
In all of the US except for the State of Washington, you can legally play at sweepstakes casinos, a category of social gaming that also includes online poker and sports picks. This is a great option in states like California, Florida, and Texas, where real money online casinos are prohibited.
The two main sweepstakes casinos are Chumba Casino and LuckyLand. Both offer a large selection of slots that you can play for two different types of currencies: Gold Coins or Sweeps Coins.
Gold Coins are used simply for fun and can’t be redeemed for a cash prize or gift card. However, you can also play in Sweeps Coins. Any Sweeps Coins that you win can be redeemed for cash prizes or gift cards. You just need to have the minimum number of won Sweeps Coins before you can redeem.
To receive Gold Coins and Sweeps Coins, no purchase is required. Once you join, you’re given both types of coins for free to play with. You can also purchase additional Gold Coins. Some Gold Coin packages of include Sweeps Coins.
Check this out to learn more about How To Play Sweepstakes Casinos.How To Play Slots For Fun Online
Playing free online slots is the same as playing paid online slots, minus the need to deposit any money or even create an account. That’s why playing slots for fun online is free in every US state, including the State of Washington.
You can play any type of slot for free. This includes classic three-reel slots as well as 3D five-reel slots with immersive bonus games and other special features.
The gameplay, including the odds of winning, is the exact same between the free slots and the paid slots. However, if the slot normally has a progressive jackpot, that will be absent from the free version.Do you need to sign up or deposit to play free online slots?
No. And, in most cases, there’s no way to create an account much less make a deposit.
However, some land-based casino websites, which do offer player accounts, have free online slots on their website. This came into even more prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic.Can you win playing free online slots?
Yes. Just like in the paid version, you can win without limits on the free online slots. But what you win is additional freeplay credits, and refreshing the web browser will reset your bankroll.How Do Slots Work?
Occasional knee buckling. Slots are by far the most popular casino game for a few key reasons:
*Huge winning potential
*The option to play for low or high stakes
*The gameplay is extremely simple
Once you know the basics of slots, you’ll be able to play any type that you’ll come across. While each title can seem wildly different, they all work in fundamentally the same way.
The object of a slot machine is for a winning combination of symbols to appear when the reels stop. This is true whether it’s a three-reel or a five-reel slot.Setting Paylines
A winning combination of symbols is based on paylines that run across the reels. A slot can have as few as five paylines or over a hundred.
Usually, the symbol combinations are left to right across the paylines, and each payline can win independently. That means the more paylines you play, the higher your chances of scoring a payout.
In slots, wins are multipliers, not set amounts. So if you’re playing a slot with 25 paylines and your total wager is $5.00, each payline would have a value of $0.20. If one scored a 100x multiplier, you’d win $20.
To play all paylines for the highest possible value, you can select “Max Bet.”Should You Always Do Max Bet?
No. You should always play with however much you’re able to lose.
However, playing max bet does two things: gives you the best chance of winning the highest possible prizes.
Further, you may need to play Max Bet to qualify for certain prizes, including the progressive jackpot. Check the rules of the specific slot to make sure.Slot Payback (AKA Return to Player)
A slot’s payback is how much a player can expect to keep of their bankroll based on the average net wins. This is also known as Return to Player (RTP). A high slot payback is 90% or higher, and a low slot payback is 70%.
No slot has an average lifetime payback that’s equal to or greater than 100%. However, some players seek out the games with the highest RTP to ensure the highest chances of regular wins. Others prefer the longshot slots, which have the lowest RTP but normally the highest potential prizes.Bonus Features
A slot’s biggest selling point aside from the jackpot, RTP, and overall theme are the bonus features. These are usually triggered when three or more “scatter” symbols appear on the reels. You then have the opportunity to win more money, either through free spins, a minigame, or selecting a hidden prize.Wild Symbols
The Wild symbol usually best matches the theme of the game. For example, Cleopatra is the Wild symbol in the Cleopatra slot.
Wild symbols can take the place of any other symbol aside from the scatter (and possibly other specialty symbols) to create winning combinations. Five wild symbols will often trigger the top prize fixed jackpot.Progressive Jackpot Slots
When a slot has a progressive jackpot, it means a portion of every bet placed by everyone playing the slot contributes to a running total. The total progressive jackpot continues to increase as people play until it’s won by a lucky player, then it’s reset and starts again.
How to win a progressive jackpot depends on the slot. In some cases, it’s simply randomly awarded at the end of a spin, and you may need to “Bet Max” to qualify. Others will involve a bonus game.Different Types Of Slot Machines
Because slots are always innovating, it’s difficult to create a list of the different types. Instead, let’s look at the key factors that separate one slot from another.Number Of Reels
Three-reel slots are usually the simplest, where one payline runs across a maximum of three symbols.
Five-reel slots are the most common and can range from a handful of paylines to 743 All-Ways-Pays slots, which covers every possible combination of symbols going up and down and left to right across the reels.
Four-reel, six-reel, seven-reel, and other slots are pretty much nonexistent in physical casinos but you can find some online relatively easily.Video Vs. 3D Slots
Video slots are the most common form of five-reel slots and often feature bonus and free spin features. 3D slots are the same, except they use 3D animation and graphics whereas video slots use 2D.Denominations
Penny slots earned their name by allowing players to bet with just $0.01. But some slots can cost a minimum of $1.00 per spin, and betting the max can make your overall wager climb to as high as $125 or more.Volatility
When a slot is labeled low volatility, it means it pays out low wins regularly. When it’s labeled high volatility, it means you’ll often go for several spins without winning, but the winning streaks are often larger when they do come.Coin Play Vs. Paylines
Coin play means you’re simply setting the coin value that applies to the multiplier wins. Some variations, called Buy-Your-Pay Slots, won’t allow you to win certain amounts or activate certain features unless you increase your coin value.
Paylines are either fixed or variable. For both, you set the value of each individual payline, and multiplier wins apply to that payline. But with variable paylines, you can set the number of lines you want to play as well as their value. With fixed paylines, you automatically play all of them.How To Play Slot MachinesBrick-And-Mortar Casinos
The most common place to play slots is at a land-based casino. In most states, casinos are either commercially operated or tribal-owned and located on Native American lands.
The ten states that do not have any land-based casinos are:
*Alaska
*Hawaii
*Georgia
*Utah
*Nebraska
*Kentucky
*South Carolina
*Virginia
*Vermont
The highest concentration of casinos and slot machines in the United States can be found in Las Vegas, Nevada. And not only that, it’s also where you can find the largest jackpots of all time. In fact, the top six biggest casino wins ever were all on Vegas slots.
Another major hotspot is Atlantic City, New Jersey, where several casinos operate in close proximity. But if you live in the continental United States, there’s a good chance that there’s a casino with over a hundred slot machines within driving distance.Why are slots the most popular game at the casino?
Slots can make up 75% or more of a casino’s total gambling revenue. That means the rest comes from all table games and poker tables combined. Why? Because slots are fun, attractive, and can turn relatively low wagers into multi-million-dollar payouts. The Most Popular Slots Offer The Highest Payouts
It should come as no surprise that the easiest way to get people to play a slot is by offering an enormous potential jackpot.
Enter the slots area of a Las Vegas casino, and you’ll find dozens of options with a top prize that can be well into the millions. All it takes is one single spin to win it all. That’s hard to resist.
So it’s no wonder that the progressive jackpots are the most popular. The most talked-about usually is.Free Online Slots FAQ
Yes. No matter where you’re located in the US, it is completely legal to play free slots online.
Because you’re playing with demo credits rather than real money, it’s not considered gambling. And if you download a free slots mobile app, you don’t even need an internet connection to play.
Yes, you can win real money playing slots online. However, you’ll need to be in one of the three states (DE, NJ, and PA) where it’s legal to win money legally. Michigan and West Virginia will soon offer legal online gambling as well.
To win cash prizes, anyone located in the US (except for the State of Washington) can legally play at sweepstakes casinos, which have a wide range of online slot machines.
You can also play free slots using demo credits that cannot be redeemed for prizes right here at bonus.com and elsewhere. Do I have to sign up or register to play free slot games online?
No. You do not need to create an account to play free slot games online. Even if you’re playing in demo mode at an online casino, you can often simply go to the site and select “play for fun.” Only online casinos and sweepstakes casinos require signup to play. Do I need to download an app to play free slots?
No. You do not need to download anything to play free online slots. The titles are instantly available directly through your web browser. However, there are a number of free slots on your phone whether on your Android or iOS device. Can I play popular Las Vegas slots online for free?
Yes. Most of the popular Las Vegas slots are available to play for free online. That’s because a lot of the gaming software developers provide their titles to both brick-and-mortar casinos as well as online casinos. Plus, the demand for the most popular options make them particularly readily available.
Yes. Because you do not have to create an account, you’re not providing any of your personal information. Unsafe slots are those run by illegal online casinos that take your payment information. Free slots are always completely safe simply because they don’t accept real money.
The benefits of playing free slots include:
*The ability to play simply for the fun of it.
*Testing a game to see if you like it.
*Practicing strategy before risking real money.
*Placing huge bets that you otherwise wouldn’t want to do.
If you’re looking for free online slots, there’s no better place to search than here at VegasSlots.co.uk.
Our team of industry experts has been playing slots for years, and we’ve used that knowledge to puttogether the best collection of free online slots for UK players in 2021. On our site, you can playany of the best free slots games on the internet, all without any download or signup required.
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*Porcheville Weather Forecasts. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weatherreports, maps & tropical weather conditions for the Porcheville area.geographical coordinates: 48° 58’ 0’ North, 1° 46’ 0’ East
About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators. Some Porcheville electrical contractors specialize in specific areas, such as HVAC, low-voltage appliances and systems and more, so be sure to ask about their training to see if it fits your project needs. Questions to ask prospective local electricians in Porcheville, Yvelines, France. There are 3 ways to get from Paris to Porcheville by train, taxi or car. Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2rio’s travel planner. Recommended option. Take the train from Paris Saint-Lazare to Issou Porcheville J.
geographical location: Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France, Europe
original namePorsche Vehicles: Porcheville
Google Earth – visit Porcheville
Welcome to the Porcheville Google Earth 3D map site! Original name of this place (including diacritics) is Porcheville, it lies in Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France and its geographical coordinates are 48° 58’ 0’ North, 1° 46’ 0’ East.
Note: Current version of the Google Earth Plug-in ONLY operates on Microsoft Windows XP and Vista operating systems. Support for other operating systems is planned in future releases.
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Maplandia.com is not sponsored by or affiliated with Google.Coordinates: 48°59′34″N1°48′39″E / 48.9928°N 1.8108°ECoordinates: 48°59′34″N1°48′39″E / 48.9928°N 1.8108°ECountryFranceRegionÎle-de-FranceDepartmentYvelinesArrondissementMantes-la-JolieCantonLimayIntercommunalityCU Grand Paris Seine et OiseGovernment • Mayor (2020–2026) Yann PerronArea18.67 km2 (3.35 sq mi)Population7,467 • Density860/km2 (2,200/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)INSEE/Postal code78267 /78440Elevation17–191 m (56–627 ft)
(avg. 150 m or 490 ft)1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
Gargenville (French pronunciation: [gaʁʒɑ̃vil]) is a commune in the Yvelinesdepartment in the Île-de-Franceregion in north-central France, 45 km to the center of Paris. It is part of the Parc naturel régional du Vexin français. With the neighborhing commune of Issou, it forms an urban area of around 10000 inhabitants.
Inhabitants are known in French as the Gargenvillois.History[edit]
The name Gargenville is referenced as Gargen villam[2] in 1164, Gargenvilla in 1249,[3]Girgenville in 1265,[4] Gargenville in 1429.[3] It comes from the gallic name Garganus and the gallo-romain suffix VILLA, ’rural domain’ (villa rustica in Latin).Porsche Ventures
Before the French Revolution, Gargenville was made of two fiefs, the domaine d’Hanneucourt and the Moufle de la Tuilerie. In 1790, they were merged to form the new commune, which then had 990 inhabitants.
Geography[edit]Porcheville 78440Location[edit]Neighbouring communes[edit]Transportation[edit]
Public transportation is provided by Transilien on the Paris Saint Lazare to Mantes Station via Conflans-Sainte-Honorine line.See also[edit]Porsche Wallpaper 4kReferences[edit]
*^’Populations légales 2017’. INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
*^Les Amis du Vexin Français
*^ abHippolyte Cocheris, Anciens noms des communes de Seine-et-Oise, 1874, online at Corpus Etampois.
*^Victor R. Belot, Coutumes et folklores en Yvelines, Préface de Paul-Louis Tenaillon, président du Conseil général des Yvelines de 1977 à 1994, membre émérite de l’Académie des sciences morales, des lettres et des arts de Versailles, Librairie Guénégaud, 1977 (FRBNF 34588328), Page 239Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gargenville.
Porsche Wallpaper For PcRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gargenville&oldid=969524982’
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*Porcheville Weather Forecasts. Weather Underground provides local & long-range weather forecasts, weatherreports, maps & tropical weather conditions for the Porcheville area.geographical coordinates: 48° 58’ 0’ North, 1° 46’ 0’ East
About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators. Some Porcheville electrical contractors specialize in specific areas, such as HVAC, low-voltage appliances and systems and more, so be sure to ask about their training to see if it fits your project needs. Questions to ask prospective local electricians in Porcheville, Yvelines, France. There are 3 ways to get from Paris to Porcheville by train, taxi or car. Select an option below to see step-by-step directions and to compare ticket prices and travel times in Rome2rio’s travel planner. Recommended option. Take the train from Paris Saint-Lazare to Issou Porcheville J.
geographical location: Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France, Europe
original namePorsche Vehicles: Porcheville
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Welcome to the Porcheville Google Earth 3D map site! Original name of this place (including diacritics) is Porcheville, it lies in Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France and its geographical coordinates are 48° 58’ 0’ North, 1° 46’ 0’ East.
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Maplandia.com is not sponsored by or affiliated with Google.Coordinates: 48°59′34″N1°48′39″E / 48.9928°N 1.8108°ECoordinates: 48°59′34″N1°48′39″E / 48.9928°N 1.8108°ECountryFranceRegionÎle-de-FranceDepartmentYvelinesArrondissementMantes-la-JolieCantonLimayIntercommunalityCU Grand Paris Seine et OiseGovernment • Mayor (2020–2026) Yann PerronArea18.67 km2 (3.35 sq mi)Population7,467 • Density860/km2 (2,200/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)INSEE/Postal code78267 /78440Elevation17–191 m (56–627 ft)
(avg. 150 m or 490 ft)1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
Gargenville (French pronunciation: [gaʁʒɑ̃vil]) is a commune in the Yvelinesdepartment in the Île-de-Franceregion in north-central France, 45 km to the center of Paris. It is part of the Parc naturel régional du Vexin français. With the neighborhing commune of Issou, it forms an urban area of around 10000 inhabitants.
Inhabitants are known in French as the Gargenvillois.History[edit]
The name Gargenville is referenced as Gargen villam[2] in 1164, Gargenvilla in 1249,[3]Girgenville in 1265,[4] Gargenville in 1429.[3] It comes from the gallic name Garganus and the gallo-romain suffix VILLA, ’rural domain’ (villa rustica in Latin).Porsche Ventures
Before the French Revolution, Gargenville was made of two fiefs, the domaine d’Hanneucourt and the Moufle de la Tuilerie. In 1790, they were merged to form the new commune, which then had 990 inhabitants.
Geography[edit]Porcheville 78440Location[edit]Neighbouring communes[edit]Transportation[edit]
Public transportation is provided by Transilien on the Paris Saint Lazare to Mantes Station via Conflans-Sainte-Honorine line.See also[edit]Porsche Wallpaper 4kReferences[edit]
*^’Populations légales 2017’. INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
*^Les Amis du Vexin Français
*^ abHippolyte Cocheris, Anciens noms des communes de Seine-et-Oise, 1874, online at Corpus Etampois.
*^Victor R. Belot, Coutumes et folklores en Yvelines, Préface de Paul-Louis Tenaillon, président du Conseil général des Yvelines de 1977 à 1994, membre émérite de l’Académie des sciences morales, des lettres et des arts de Versailles, Librairie Guénégaud, 1977 (FRBNF 34588328), Page 239Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gargenville.
Porsche Wallpaper For PcRetrieved from ’https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gargenville&oldid=969524982’
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Plots Crossword Puzzle Clue
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A plot summary. Below you may find the answer for: Plot units crossword clue.This clue was last seen on Wall Street Journal Crossword December 23 2020 Answers In case the clue doesn’t fit or there’s something wrong please let us know and we will get back to you. If you are looking for older Wall Street Journal Crossword Puzzle Answers then we highly recommend you to visit our archive page where you can. The Crosswordleak.com system found 25 answers for garden plot crossword clue. Our system collect crossword clues from most populer crossword, cryptic puzzle, quick/small crossword that found in Daily Mail, Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Daily Mirror, Herald.
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*Plot Crossword Answer
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*Plotting Group Crossword Puzzle Clue
*Plot Again Crossword Puzzle CluePlot Crossword Answer
*form intrigues (for) in an underhand manner
*devise a system or form a scheme for
*plotted
*a schematic or preliminary plan
*an elaborate and systematic plan of action
*an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world
*a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery
*a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; ’a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going’
*to plot somethingPlot Outline Crossword Puzzle CluePlotting Group Crossword Puzzle CluePlot Again Crossword Puzzle Clue
A plot summary. Below you may find the answer for: Plot units crossword clue.This clue was last seen on Wall Street Journal Crossword December 23 2020 Answers In case the clue doesn’t fit or there’s something wrong please let us know and we will get back to you. If you are looking for older Wall Street Journal Crossword Puzzle Answers then we highly recommend you to visit our archive page where you can. The Crosswordleak.com system found 25 answers for garden plot crossword clue. Our system collect crossword clues from most populer crossword, cryptic puzzle, quick/small crossword that found in Daily Mail, Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Daily Mirror, Herald.
Ocasio cortez official site. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Official Campaign Website The fight for social, racial, and economic justice has never been more urgent. Our staff is currently working remotely. You can contact our team by calling 718-662-5970, Monday-Friday from 9 AM - 5 PM.
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Find 27 listings related to Casinos 51st And Baseline in Phoenix on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Casinos 51st And Baseline locations in Phoenix, AZ. My wife and I visited Vee Quiva Casino. The casino is easily reached off of the 202 Highway. Valet parking is easy and convenient. The casino is bright with high ceilings. As a result, t doe sent get. Charlest58 02/15/20. We have made numerous trips from Wisconsin and our go-to hotel is always the VeeQuiva near Laveen ( Phoenix. Hotels near Vee Quiva Casino, Phoenix on Tripadvisor: Find 9,839 traveler reviews, 37,367 candid photos, and prices for 542 hotels near Vee Quiva Casino in Phoenix, AZ. Casino 51st Ave Phoenix Az, casinos near bethany missouri, new york gambling age 18, no deposit bonus microgaming flash casino. United States 1.
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Occasional Knee Buckling
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*Knee Buckling Therapy
*How To Fix Buckling Knees
*Occasional Knee Buckling
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The occasional twitch of your knee (or any body part) is normal. Frequent twitching on the other hand, can have a number of causes. These spasms and twitches are typically the result of muscle. Other instability, left knee. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Billable/Specific Code. M25.362 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a. Knees buckling occasional twitching. Your knees are probably as good as anyone else’s so it’s probably not helpful for people to post about their knee. Osteoarthritis or arthritis from old age can lead to knee buckling. Osteoarthritis is caused from inflammation and a wearing away of the cartilage of the ’articular’ contact surfaces of the joints. It happens frequently in the hips and knees.
English Diseases & Conditions
Adolescent Anterior Knee PainRelated Media
Recovery
handout
This article addresses pain in the front and center of the knee. Pain located in the upper shinbone area, just below the kneecap, is a different condition and is discussed in Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Knee Pain).
A teenager or young adult who is physically active and participates in sports may sometimes experience pain in the front and center of the knee, usually underneath the kneecap (patella). This condition—called adolescent anterior knee pain—commonly occurs in many healthy young athletes, especially girls.
Adolescent anterior knee pain is not usually caused by a physical abnormality in the knee, but by overuse or a training routine that does not include adequate stretching or strengthening exercises. In most cases, simple measures like rest, over-the-counter medication, and strengthening exercises will relieve anterior knee pain and allow the young athlete to return to his or her favorite sports.Anatomy
The knee is the largest and strongest joint in your body. It is made up of the lower end of the femur (thighbone), the upper end of the tibia (shinbone), and the patella (kneecap). The ends of the bones where they touch are covered with articular cartilage, a smooth slippery substance that protects the bones as you bend and straighten your knee.
Ligaments and tendons connect the thighbone to the bones of the lower leg. The four ligaments in the knee attach to the bones and act like strong ropes to hold the bones together.
Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. The quadriceps tendon connects the muscles in the front of the thigh to the kneecap. Stretching from your kneecap to your shinbone is the patellar tendon.Causes
In many cases, the true cause of anterior knee pain may not be clear. The complex anatomy of the knee joint, which allows it to bend while supporting heavy loads, is extremely sensitive to small problems in alignment, activity, training, and overuse.
For example, weakness in the quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh may lead to anterior knee pain. When the knee bends and straightens, the quadriceps muscles help to keep the kneecap within a groove at the end of the femur. Weak quadriceps can cause poor tracking of the kneecap within the groove. This can place extra stress on tendons (potentially leading to tendinitis), or irritate the cartilage lining on the underside of the kneecap (chondromalacia patella).The patella of this adolescent’s right knee is out of alignment and shifted toward the inside of her leg.Knee Buckling TherapyReproduced with permission from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.
There are other factors that may contribute to adolescent anterior knee pain:
*Imbalance of thigh muscles (quadriceps and hamstrings) that support the knee joint
*Tight quadriceps and hamstring muscles
*Problems with alignment of the legs between the hips and the ankles
*Using improper sports training techniques or equipment
*Changes in footwear or playing surface
*Overdoing sports activities, or changes in the type of trainingSymptoms
The most common symptom of anterior knee pain is a dull, achy pain that begins gradually and is frequently activity related. Other common symptoms include:
*Popping or crackling sounds in the knee when you climb stairs or stand up and walk after prolonged sitting
*Pain at night
*Pain during activities that repeatedly bend the knee (jumping, squatting, running, and other exercise involving weight-lifting)
*Pain related to a change in activity level or intensity, playing surface, or equipment.
Adolescent anterior knee pain syndrome does not usually cause swelling around the knee. Symptoms like clicking, locking, snapping, or giving way of the knee are also uncommon. These symptoms suggest a mechanical problem in the knee and are reasons to see your doctor.Doctor Examination
If your knee pain will not go away and interferes with activity, visit your doctor.Physical Examination
Your doctor will examine your knee to determine the cause of pain behind your kneecap and rule out other problems. He or she may ask you to stand, walk, jump, squat, sit, and lie down.
During the physical examination, your doctor will also check:
*Alignment of the lower leg and the position of the kneecap
*Knee stability, hip rotation, and range of motion of knees and hips
*The kneecap for signs of tenderness
*The attachment of thigh muscles to the kneecap
*Strength, flexibility, firmness, tone, and circumference of front thigh muscles (quadriceps) and the back thigh muscles (hamstrings)
*Tightness of the heel cord and flexibility of the feetTests
X-rays. Plain x-rays provide detailed pictures of dense structures, like bone. Special x-ray views will help your doctor determine if there are any problems in the shape or position of the kneecap. Your doctor may x-ray both of your legs to look for differences between them.
In this x-ray of a bent knee taken from above, the patella is not centered within the groove in the femur. It is clearly out of alignment.Reproduced from Schepsis AA: Patellar instability. Orthopaedic Knowledge Online Journal 2003; 1(12). Accessed February 2014.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. This imaging study can create better images of the soft tissues around your knee. Unless you are suffering from symptoms like locking or catching of the knee, an MRI is not usually ordered during the initial evaluation and work-up of anterior knee pain. However, if your symptoms persist and do not improve with treatment, your doctor may order an MRI at a follow-up visit. This imaging study will help your doctor determine if there is an internal problem within the knee joint, such as damage to the cartilage or ligaments.
Related Articles Staying HealthyDiseases & Conditions
Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Knee Pain) Staying HealthyDiseases & Conditions
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Treatment
There are simple changes you can make to help relieve anterior knee pain.Activity Changes
Stop doing the activities that make your knee hurt until the pain has resolved. This probably means changing your training routine. Switching to low-impact activities during this time will put less stress on your knee joint. Biking and swimming are good low-impact options. If you are overweight, losing weight will also help to reduce pressure on your knee.
Your knee pain may be related to your exercise technique. A trainer at school may be able to help you evaluate and improve upon your technique-such as how you land from a jump or push off from the starting block.
Resume running and other higher impact sports activities gradually.Physical Therapy Exercises
Specific exercises will help you improve range of motion, strength, and endurance. It is especially important to focus on stretching and strengthening your quadriceps as these muscles are the main stabilizers of your kneecap. Your doctor may provide you with exercises or may recommend you visit a physical therapist who can develop an exercise program to improve your thigh muscle flexibility and strength.
It is very important to stick with the therapeutic exercise program for as long as your doctor or physical therapist prescribes. Anterior knee pain can return.
Straight-leg raises are an effective exercise for strengthening the quadriceps muscles.Ice
Applying ice after physical activity may relieve some discomfort. Do not apply ice directly to the skin. Use an ice pack or wrap a towel around the ice or a package of frozen vegetables. Apply ice for about 20 minutes at a time.Orthotics and Footwear
Your doctor may recommend shoe inserts. Soft-, firm- and hard-molded arch supports can help prevent the foot from overpronating and relieve pain and fatigue. Different types of arch supports can be purchased at your local drugstore.
Be sure that your athletic shoes provide the correct support for your activities.Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen and naproxen may help to relieve your pain. Always take these medicines with some food in order to avoid the potential side effect of stomach upset. If NSAIDs do not provide relief from the discomfort, consult your doctor for a more thorough evaluation.Related Media
Recovery
handoutRecovery
Adolescent anterior knee pain is usually fully relieved with simple measures. It may recur, however, if you do not make adjustments to your training routine or activity level. It is essential to maintain appropriate conditioning of the muscles around the knee, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings.
There are additional steps that you can take to prevent recurrence of anterior knee pain. They include:
*Wearing shoes appropriate to your activities
*Warming up thoroughly before physical activity
*Incorporating stretching into your warm up routine, and stretching after physical activity
*Reducing any activity that has hurt your knees in the past
*Limiting the total number of miles you run in training and competition
Reviewed by members of POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America)The Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) is a group of board eligible/board certified orthopaedic surgeons who have specialized training in the care of children’s musculoskeletal health. Related Media
Recovery
handout
Contents
*Knee buckling
*Knee buckling causes
*Knee buckling symptoms
*Knee buckling diagnosis
*Knee giving out treatment
Knee buckling often described as the knee “giving way” when one or both of your knees give out, is a symptom of knee instability that frequently affects older individuals, in particular those with knee pain and knee osteoarthritis (OA), and may be caused by muscle weakness and balance difficulties . Knee buckling in older adults may increase the risk of falling, according to a study published online Feb. 8, 2016, by Arthritis Care & Research . When your knee buckles, you can lose your balance and fall, which raises your risk of injury and even fractures. Repeated incidents also can limit your ability to climb stairs.
If it’s only happened once or twice, you may have just stumbled. However, if it keeps happening, it could be a sign of something else. Frequent knee buckling also raises your risk of falling and seriously injuring yourself, so it’s important to figure out the underlying cause.
Knee buckling and symptoms of impending falling may be treatable or at least prevented, but avoiding activities that precipitate buckling may limit function. Knee buckling may cause falls and fractures and may help to explain the increased risk for hip fracture in patients with osteoarthritis who have higher bone density than others their age and who, therefore, should be at diminished risk for fracture .
Researchers studied 1,842 participants, 40% of whom were men, who were at high risk for knee osteoarthritis. At the end of 5 years, 16.8% reported regular knee buckling, and at the end of 7 years, those people were 1.6 to 2.5 times more likely to experience recurring falls, fear of falling, and poor confidence in their ability to balance. Bucklers at year 5 had a 1.6- to 2.5-times higher likelihood of recurrent falls, fear of falling, and poor balance confidence at year 7. Those who fell when a knee buckled at the start of the study had a 4.5-times, 2-times, and 3-times higher likelihood 2 years later of recurrent falls, significant fall injuries, and fall injuries that limited activity, respectively, and they were 4-times more likely to have poor balance.
If knee instability leads to frequent falls and fall-related injuries, exercises and other interventions that stabilize the knee may help maintain older individuals’ health and quality of life.
Strengthening the quadriceps muscles (front of the thighs) can help improve knee stability and reduce buckling, according to lead researcher Dr. Michael Nevitt, a professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco . Balance exercises also might help, but the direct benefits have not yet been studied, he says.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage . Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability where the knee is commonly affected . It is most common in elderly women and men. Knee osteoarthritis can be divided into two types, primary and secondary. Primary osteoarthritis is articular degeneration without any apparent underlying reason. Secondary osteoarthritis is the consequence of either an abnormal concentration of force across the joint as with post-traumatic causes or abnormal articular cartilage, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Osteoarthritis is typically a progressive disease that may eventually lead to disability. The intensity of the clinical symptoms may vary from each individual. However, they typically become more severe, more frequent, and more debilitating over time. The rate of progression also varies for each individual. Common clinical symptoms include knee pain that is gradual in onset and worse with activity, knee stiffness and swelling, pain after prolonged sitting or resting, and pain that worsens over time. Pain is dominant, becoming persistent and more limiting with disease progression, leading to disability, reduced quality of life, and often joint replacement . Pain results from a complex interaction between structural joint changes , physical impairments , and psychosocial factors . Evidence has shown that patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis experience fluctuations of relatively short durations in pain severity . These intense and intermittent pain fluctuations are called pain exacerbations or pain flares . Pain flares are often exacerbated during activities and are relieved with rest, although later in the disease course, pain can also occur at night and during rest .
A cross-sectional study suggested that almost 12% of participants with knee osteoarthritis had at least one event of knee buckling during the last 3 months and that buckling was associated with functional loss and limitation of daily activities . The study of Nguyen et al reported that within 3 months study period among those who suffered knee buckling, the overwhelming majority had two or more episodes of knee buckling during that time. For these participants, 74% reported 2-5 buckling episodes, 17% reported 6-10 episodes, and 9% reported 11 or more episodes . Knee buckling and especially sensations of knee instability without buckling were found to be associated with fear of falling, poor balance confidence, activity limitations, and poor physical function .
Treatment for knee osteoarthritis begins with conservative methods and progresses to surgical treatment options when conservative treatment fails. While medications can help slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory conditions, no proven disease-modifying agents for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis currently exist .Knee buckling causes
Knee buckling occurs mostly in persons with knee pain and frequent knee pain affects about 25% of adults . Many of these persons have osteoarthritis of the knee .
When knee buckling is discussed, it is identified as evidence of an internal derangement, such as an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear . A search of MEDLINE for articles on knee instability (subject), buckling, or giving way revealed that articles on knee buckling or instability were found almost exclusively in the orthopedic literature, where it was noted as a complication of surgery ; a hallmark symptom of ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tear ; or a consequence of specific, uncommon conditions, such as patellar dislocation . Thus, knee buckling is not generally described in native, uninjured knees.
When Felson and colleagues examined the demographic and disease related attributes of persons who experienced knee buckling, they found that buckling was equally common in both sexes and did not increase in prevalence with age. However, knee buckling increased in prevalence with greater BMI (body mass index), occurring in only 7.7% of persons in the lowest quartile of BMI but in 17.6% of those in the highest quartile . The prevalence of knee pain and knee buckling was similar in the community cohort and in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort.
Knee buckling was far more common in knees with pain at any time in the past 30 days (14.1% of knees with pain experienced buckling) than in knees with no pain at all (2.1%) . The prevalence of buckling was 26.7% among knees with pain rated as severe compared with 9.9% among knees with pain rated as mild.
Knee buckling was more common in knees with radiographic osteoarthritis in the tibiofemoral joint than in those without this condition (11.0% vs. 4.7%). Among knees with radiographic osteoarthritis, buckling occurred most often in knees with both tibiofemoral and patellofemoral disease . Even so, most persons with knee buckling had pain in the affected knee but did not have osteoarthritis in that knee on radiography.
Knee osteoarthritis is classified as either primary or secondary, depending on its cause. Primary knee osteoarthritis is the result of articular cartilage degeneration without any known reason. This is typically thought of as degeneration due to age as well as wear and tear. Secondary knee osteoarthritis is the result of articular cartilage degeneration due to a known reason .
Possible causes of secondary knee osteoarthritis
*Posttraumatic
*Postsurgical
*Congenital or malformation of the limb
*Malposition (Varus/Valgus)
*Scoliosis
*Rickets
*Hemochromatosis
*Chondrocalcinosis
*Ochronosis
*Wilson disease
*Gout
*Pseudogout
*Acromegaly
*Avascular necrosis
*Rheumatoid arthritis
*Infectious arthritis
*Psoriatic arthritis
*Hemophilia
*Paget disease
*Sickle cell disease
Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis
*Modifiable
*Articular trauma
*Occupation – p
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
*Knee Buckling Therapy
*How To Fix Buckling Knees
*Occasional Knee Buckling
*Buckling Knee Brace
The occasional twitch of your knee (or any body part) is normal. Frequent twitching on the other hand, can have a number of causes. These spasms and twitches are typically the result of muscle. Other instability, left knee. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Billable/Specific Code. M25.362 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a. Knees buckling occasional twitching. Your knees are probably as good as anyone else’s so it’s probably not helpful for people to post about their knee. Osteoarthritis or arthritis from old age can lead to knee buckling. Osteoarthritis is caused from inflammation and a wearing away of the cartilage of the ’articular’ contact surfaces of the joints. It happens frequently in the hips and knees.
English Diseases & Conditions
Adolescent Anterior Knee PainRelated Media
Recovery
handout
This article addresses pain in the front and center of the knee. Pain located in the upper shinbone area, just below the kneecap, is a different condition and is discussed in Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Knee Pain).
A teenager or young adult who is physically active and participates in sports may sometimes experience pain in the front and center of the knee, usually underneath the kneecap (patella). This condition—called adolescent anterior knee pain—commonly occurs in many healthy young athletes, especially girls.
Adolescent anterior knee pain is not usually caused by a physical abnormality in the knee, but by overuse or a training routine that does not include adequate stretching or strengthening exercises. In most cases, simple measures like rest, over-the-counter medication, and strengthening exercises will relieve anterior knee pain and allow the young athlete to return to his or her favorite sports.Anatomy
The knee is the largest and strongest joint in your body. It is made up of the lower end of the femur (thighbone), the upper end of the tibia (shinbone), and the patella (kneecap). The ends of the bones where they touch are covered with articular cartilage, a smooth slippery substance that protects the bones as you bend and straighten your knee.
Ligaments and tendons connect the thighbone to the bones of the lower leg. The four ligaments in the knee attach to the bones and act like strong ropes to hold the bones together.
Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. The quadriceps tendon connects the muscles in the front of the thigh to the kneecap. Stretching from your kneecap to your shinbone is the patellar tendon.Causes
In many cases, the true cause of anterior knee pain may not be clear. The complex anatomy of the knee joint, which allows it to bend while supporting heavy loads, is extremely sensitive to small problems in alignment, activity, training, and overuse.
For example, weakness in the quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh may lead to anterior knee pain. When the knee bends and straightens, the quadriceps muscles help to keep the kneecap within a groove at the end of the femur. Weak quadriceps can cause poor tracking of the kneecap within the groove. This can place extra stress on tendons (potentially leading to tendinitis), or irritate the cartilage lining on the underside of the kneecap (chondromalacia patella).The patella of this adolescent’s right knee is out of alignment and shifted toward the inside of her leg.Knee Buckling TherapyReproduced with permission from JF Sarwark, ed: Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, ed 4. Rosemont, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010.
There are other factors that may contribute to adolescent anterior knee pain:
*Imbalance of thigh muscles (quadriceps and hamstrings) that support the knee joint
*Tight quadriceps and hamstring muscles
*Problems with alignment of the legs between the hips and the ankles
*Using improper sports training techniques or equipment
*Changes in footwear or playing surface
*Overdoing sports activities, or changes in the type of trainingSymptoms
The most common symptom of anterior knee pain is a dull, achy pain that begins gradually and is frequently activity related. Other common symptoms include:
*Popping or crackling sounds in the knee when you climb stairs or stand up and walk after prolonged sitting
*Pain at night
*Pain during activities that repeatedly bend the knee (jumping, squatting, running, and other exercise involving weight-lifting)
*Pain related to a change in activity level or intensity, playing surface, or equipment.
Adolescent anterior knee pain syndrome does not usually cause swelling around the knee. Symptoms like clicking, locking, snapping, or giving way of the knee are also uncommon. These symptoms suggest a mechanical problem in the knee and are reasons to see your doctor.Doctor Examination
If your knee pain will not go away and interferes with activity, visit your doctor.Physical Examination
Your doctor will examine your knee to determine the cause of pain behind your kneecap and rule out other problems. He or she may ask you to stand, walk, jump, squat, sit, and lie down.
During the physical examination, your doctor will also check:
*Alignment of the lower leg and the position of the kneecap
*Knee stability, hip rotation, and range of motion of knees and hips
*The kneecap for signs of tenderness
*The attachment of thigh muscles to the kneecap
*Strength, flexibility, firmness, tone, and circumference of front thigh muscles (quadriceps) and the back thigh muscles (hamstrings)
*Tightness of the heel cord and flexibility of the feetTests
X-rays. Plain x-rays provide detailed pictures of dense structures, like bone. Special x-ray views will help your doctor determine if there are any problems in the shape or position of the kneecap. Your doctor may x-ray both of your legs to look for differences between them.
In this x-ray of a bent knee taken from above, the patella is not centered within the groove in the femur. It is clearly out of alignment.Reproduced from Schepsis AA: Patellar instability. Orthopaedic Knowledge Online Journal 2003; 1(12). Accessed February 2014.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. This imaging study can create better images of the soft tissues around your knee. Unless you are suffering from symptoms like locking or catching of the knee, an MRI is not usually ordered during the initial evaluation and work-up of anterior knee pain. However, if your symptoms persist and do not improve with treatment, your doctor may order an MRI at a follow-up visit. This imaging study will help your doctor determine if there is an internal problem within the knee joint, such as damage to the cartilage or ligaments.
Related Articles Staying HealthyDiseases & Conditions
Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Knee Pain) Staying HealthyDiseases & Conditions
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Treatment
There are simple changes you can make to help relieve anterior knee pain.Activity Changes
Stop doing the activities that make your knee hurt until the pain has resolved. This probably means changing your training routine. Switching to low-impact activities during this time will put less stress on your knee joint. Biking and swimming are good low-impact options. If you are overweight, losing weight will also help to reduce pressure on your knee.
Your knee pain may be related to your exercise technique. A trainer at school may be able to help you evaluate and improve upon your technique-such as how you land from a jump or push off from the starting block.
Resume running and other higher impact sports activities gradually.Physical Therapy Exercises
Specific exercises will help you improve range of motion, strength, and endurance. It is especially important to focus on stretching and strengthening your quadriceps as these muscles are the main stabilizers of your kneecap. Your doctor may provide you with exercises or may recommend you visit a physical therapist who can develop an exercise program to improve your thigh muscle flexibility and strength.
It is very important to stick with the therapeutic exercise program for as long as your doctor or physical therapist prescribes. Anterior knee pain can return.
Straight-leg raises are an effective exercise for strengthening the quadriceps muscles.Ice
Applying ice after physical activity may relieve some discomfort. Do not apply ice directly to the skin. Use an ice pack or wrap a towel around the ice or a package of frozen vegetables. Apply ice for about 20 minutes at a time.Orthotics and Footwear
Your doctor may recommend shoe inserts. Soft-, firm- and hard-molded arch supports can help prevent the foot from overpronating and relieve pain and fatigue. Different types of arch supports can be purchased at your local drugstore.
Be sure that your athletic shoes provide the correct support for your activities.Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen and naproxen may help to relieve your pain. Always take these medicines with some food in order to avoid the potential side effect of stomach upset. If NSAIDs do not provide relief from the discomfort, consult your doctor for a more thorough evaluation.Related Media
Recovery
handoutRecovery
Adolescent anterior knee pain is usually fully relieved with simple measures. It may recur, however, if you do not make adjustments to your training routine or activity level. It is essential to maintain appropriate conditioning of the muscles around the knee, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings.
There are additional steps that you can take to prevent recurrence of anterior knee pain. They include:
*Wearing shoes appropriate to your activities
*Warming up thoroughly before physical activity
*Incorporating stretching into your warm up routine, and stretching after physical activity
*Reducing any activity that has hurt your knees in the past
*Limiting the total number of miles you run in training and competition
Reviewed by members of POSNA (Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America)The Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) is a group of board eligible/board certified orthopaedic surgeons who have specialized training in the care of children’s musculoskeletal health. Related Media
Recovery
handout
Contents
*Knee buckling
*Knee buckling causes
*Knee buckling symptoms
*Knee buckling diagnosis
*Knee giving out treatment
Knee buckling often described as the knee “giving way” when one or both of your knees give out, is a symptom of knee instability that frequently affects older individuals, in particular those with knee pain and knee osteoarthritis (OA), and may be caused by muscle weakness and balance difficulties . Knee buckling in older adults may increase the risk of falling, according to a study published online Feb. 8, 2016, by Arthritis Care & Research . When your knee buckles, you can lose your balance and fall, which raises your risk of injury and even fractures. Repeated incidents also can limit your ability to climb stairs.
If it’s only happened once or twice, you may have just stumbled. However, if it keeps happening, it could be a sign of something else. Frequent knee buckling also raises your risk of falling and seriously injuring yourself, so it’s important to figure out the underlying cause.
Knee buckling and symptoms of impending falling may be treatable or at least prevented, but avoiding activities that precipitate buckling may limit function. Knee buckling may cause falls and fractures and may help to explain the increased risk for hip fracture in patients with osteoarthritis who have higher bone density than others their age and who, therefore, should be at diminished risk for fracture .
Researchers studied 1,842 participants, 40% of whom were men, who were at high risk for knee osteoarthritis. At the end of 5 years, 16.8% reported regular knee buckling, and at the end of 7 years, those people were 1.6 to 2.5 times more likely to experience recurring falls, fear of falling, and poor confidence in their ability to balance. Bucklers at year 5 had a 1.6- to 2.5-times higher likelihood of recurrent falls, fear of falling, and poor balance confidence at year 7. Those who fell when a knee buckled at the start of the study had a 4.5-times, 2-times, and 3-times higher likelihood 2 years later of recurrent falls, significant fall injuries, and fall injuries that limited activity, respectively, and they were 4-times more likely to have poor balance.
If knee instability leads to frequent falls and fall-related injuries, exercises and other interventions that stabilize the knee may help maintain older individuals’ health and quality of life.
Strengthening the quadriceps muscles (front of the thighs) can help improve knee stability and reduce buckling, according to lead researcher Dr. Michael Nevitt, a professor of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco . Balance exercises also might help, but the direct benefits have not yet been studied, he says.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of articular cartilage . Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability where the knee is commonly affected . It is most common in elderly women and men. Knee osteoarthritis can be divided into two types, primary and secondary. Primary osteoarthritis is articular degeneration without any apparent underlying reason. Secondary osteoarthritis is the consequence of either an abnormal concentration of force across the joint as with post-traumatic causes or abnormal articular cartilage, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Osteoarthritis is typically a progressive disease that may eventually lead to disability. The intensity of the clinical symptoms may vary from each individual. However, they typically become more severe, more frequent, and more debilitating over time. The rate of progression also varies for each individual. Common clinical symptoms include knee pain that is gradual in onset and worse with activity, knee stiffness and swelling, pain after prolonged sitting or resting, and pain that worsens over time. Pain is dominant, becoming persistent and more limiting with disease progression, leading to disability, reduced quality of life, and often joint replacement . Pain results from a complex interaction between structural joint changes , physical impairments , and psychosocial factors . Evidence has shown that patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis experience fluctuations of relatively short durations in pain severity . These intense and intermittent pain fluctuations are called pain exacerbations or pain flares . Pain flares are often exacerbated during activities and are relieved with rest, although later in the disease course, pain can also occur at night and during rest .
A cross-sectional study suggested that almost 12% of participants with knee osteoarthritis had at least one event of knee buckling during the last 3 months and that buckling was associated with functional loss and limitation of daily activities . The study of Nguyen et al reported that within 3 months study period among those who suffered knee buckling, the overwhelming majority had two or more episodes of knee buckling during that time. For these participants, 74% reported 2-5 buckling episodes, 17% reported 6-10 episodes, and 9% reported 11 or more episodes . Knee buckling and especially sensations of knee instability without buckling were found to be associated with fear of falling, poor balance confidence, activity limitations, and poor physical function .
Treatment for knee osteoarthritis begins with conservative methods and progresses to surgical treatment options when conservative treatment fails. While medications can help slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory conditions, no proven disease-modifying agents for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis currently exist .Knee buckling causes
Knee buckling occurs mostly in persons with knee pain and frequent knee pain affects about 25% of adults . Many of these persons have osteoarthritis of the knee .
When knee buckling is discussed, it is identified as evidence of an internal derangement, such as an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear . A search of MEDLINE for articles on knee instability (subject), buckling, or giving way revealed that articles on knee buckling or instability were found almost exclusively in the orthopedic literature, where it was noted as a complication of surgery ; a hallmark symptom of ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tear ; or a consequence of specific, uncommon conditions, such as patellar dislocation . Thus, knee buckling is not generally described in native, uninjured knees.
When Felson and colleagues examined the demographic and disease related attributes of persons who experienced knee buckling, they found that buckling was equally common in both sexes and did not increase in prevalence with age. However, knee buckling increased in prevalence with greater BMI (body mass index), occurring in only 7.7% of persons in the lowest quartile of BMI but in 17.6% of those in the highest quartile . The prevalence of knee pain and knee buckling was similar in the community cohort and in the Framingham Offspring Study cohort.
Knee buckling was far more common in knees with pain at any time in the past 30 days (14.1% of knees with pain experienced buckling) than in knees with no pain at all (2.1%) . The prevalence of buckling was 26.7% among knees with pain rated as severe compared with 9.9% among knees with pain rated as mild.
Knee buckling was more common in knees with radiographic osteoarthritis in the tibiofemoral joint than in those without this condition (11.0% vs. 4.7%). Among knees with radiographic osteoarthritis, buckling occurred most often in knees with both tibiofemoral and patellofemoral disease . Even so, most persons with knee buckling had pain in the affected knee but did not have osteoarthritis in that knee on radiography.
Knee osteoarthritis is classified as either primary or secondary, depending on its cause. Primary knee osteoarthritis is the result of articular cartilage degeneration without any known reason. This is typically thought of as degeneration due to age as well as wear and tear. Secondary knee osteoarthritis is the result of articular cartilage degeneration due to a known reason .
Possible causes of secondary knee osteoarthritis
*Posttraumatic
*Postsurgical
*Congenital or malformation of the limb
*Malposition (Varus/Valgus)
*Scoliosis
*Rickets
*Hemochromatosis
*Chondrocalcinosis
*Ochronosis
*Wilson disease
*Gout
*Pseudogout
*Acromegaly
*Avascular necrosis
*Rheumatoid arthritis
*Infectious arthritis
*Psoriatic arthritis
*Hemophilia
*Paget disease
*Sickle cell disease
Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis
*Modifiable
*Articular trauma
*Occupation – p
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
Ocasio Cortez Site
2021年4月11日Register here: http://gg.gg/p0abe
Elected officials, including Bronx/Queens Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, are now backing the workers’ strike at the Hunts Point Produce Market, where employees have entered day four of a strike over wages.
*Ocasio Cortez Twitter
*Riley Roberts
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez shut down anti-LGBT+ Trump supporter Ted Cruz, telling him he “almost had her murdered” three weeks ago during the Capitol riots. Ocasio-Cortez took to Twitter on. All four congresswomen known as the Squad - Reps. Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, Rashida Tlaib of Michigan and Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts - have won. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez on Thursday accused Sen. Ted Cruz of ’trying to get me killed’ during the January 6 insurrection at the US Capitol and called for his resignation from the. Jan 29, 2021 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez accused Ted Cruz of « trying to get me killed » during the Jan. 6 insurrection and called for his resignation after the Senator appeared to agree with her regarding the. — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (@AOC) January 28, 2021. At least one participant in the deadly Jan. 6 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol reportedly made violent threats against Ocasio-Cortez specifically.
Some 1,400 employees represented by the Teamsters Local 202 union, comprised of warehouse workers and drivers at the gargantuan industrial site in the Bronx, help move around 300,000 pounds of fruits and vegetables daily. The Hunts Point Produce Market is a cooperative of 30 merchants who purchase produce from farms and importers and distributes the goods to grocers, restaurants, and more. All told, they handle 60% of the city’s produce.
On January 17th, members negotiating for a $1 hourly increase went on strike following a stalemate during negotiations with market owners. And with every day that passes, the effects of reduced output from the market will be felt by supermarkets and restaurants that depend on them.
’If you notice that aisles of produce are little low and you see the stuff starting to turn a little bit, you know that’s when you’re gonna notice,’ Raymond Rivera, a driver and union member, said.
’When you’re standing on this line, you’re not just asking for $1, you are asking for transformational change for your lives, over the lives of every food worker across this country, for kids or food workers across the country,’ Ocasio-Cortez said, flanked by New York City Public Advocate Jumaane Williams and state Assemblymember Amanda Septimo on a frigid Wednesday night outside the enormous, city-owned property. ’Because there’s a lot of things upside down right now in our economy. And one of those things that are upside down [...] is the fact that a person who is helping get the food to your table cannot feed their own kid. That’s upside down.’
Negotiations stopped nearly two weeks ago after members had pushed for a $1 increase plus greater health coverage. Owners returned to the table with a 32 cents per hour wage increase, and 60 cents going towards health coverage.
Meanwhile Hunts Point workers continue their strike: https://t.co/CFkpbIL32e— Rebeca Ibarra (@RebeIbarraC) January 21, 2021
On Wednesday night, dozens of workers stood outside their workplace in solidarity, huddled around bonfires as music played and wearing protest signs, with a giant inflatable rat looming nearby. Employees spent the night chatting among themselves, outraged over the company’s lack of progress over the union.
For Francisco Flores, a 26-year employee at the site, the counter-offer is a slap in the face for many workers who stepped up during the COVID-19 pandemic, which did not halt operations at the site.
’We’ve had our contract disputes with them [...] it’s been different this year with the pandemic and actually seeing and knowing some of your friends that you’ve worked with in here for 28 years die, and then have friends of yours, not coming to work because they’re home quarantined, sick, makes a big difference,’ Flores told Gothamist/WNYC. ’And then we’re here every day during the pandemic, we try not to miss as much as we can, because we need the money. And we get no kind of thank you.’
Flores, a married father of three kids living in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx, said throughout his time working at the company he’s been living paycheck to paycheck. He can’t even save money. With every day that workers are on strike their pay is docked.
’I’ve even argued with my father from time to time. He tells me, ’You got to try to save money.’ I’m like, ’Dad, I can’t. I don’t know how you did it,’ Flores recalled. ’But in this economy and the way things are going, they don’t give you room. And I’m like, even though we might get a little bit of a raise, everything else goes back up. I’ve been to the supermarket with $100, and I used to come out with four or five, six bags. Now I come out with two or three.’
BREAKING: 21 train cars of merchandise turned back at Hunts Point Market strike line. “The locomotive engineer said, ‘we’re @Teamsters too,’ turned the freight car around, and headed back to Ohio.”UNION SOLIDARITY ✊
Elected officials, including Bronx/Queens Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, are now backing the workers’ strike at the Hunts Point Produce Market, where employees have entered day four of a strike over wages.
*Ocasio Cortez Twitter
*Riley Roberts
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez shut down anti-LGBT+ Trump supporter Ted Cruz, telling him he “almost had her murdered” three weeks ago during the Capitol riots. Ocasio-Cortez took to Twitter on. All four congresswomen known as the Squad - Reps. Ilhan Omar of Minnesota, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, Rashida Tlaib of Michigan and Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts - have won. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez on Thursday accused Sen. Ted Cruz of ’trying to get me killed’ during the January 6 insurrection at the US Capitol and called for his resignation from the. Jan 29, 2021 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez accused Ted Cruz of « trying to get me killed » during the Jan. 6 insurrection and called for his resignation after the Senator appeared to agree with her regarding the. — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (@AOC) January 28, 2021. At least one participant in the deadly Jan. 6 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol reportedly made violent threats against Ocasio-Cortez specifically.
Some 1,400 employees represented by the Teamsters Local 202 union, comprised of warehouse workers and drivers at the gargantuan industrial site in the Bronx, help move around 300,000 pounds of fruits and vegetables daily. The Hunts Point Produce Market is a cooperative of 30 merchants who purchase produce from farms and importers and distributes the goods to grocers, restaurants, and more. All told, they handle 60% of the city’s produce.
On January 17th, members negotiating for a $1 hourly increase went on strike following a stalemate during negotiations with market owners. And with every day that passes, the effects of reduced output from the market will be felt by supermarkets and restaurants that depend on them.
’If you notice that aisles of produce are little low and you see the stuff starting to turn a little bit, you know that’s when you’re gonna notice,’ Raymond Rivera, a driver and union member, said.
’When you’re standing on this line, you’re not just asking for $1, you are asking for transformational change for your lives, over the lives of every food worker across this country, for kids or food workers across the country,’ Ocasio-Cortez said, flanked by New York City Public Advocate Jumaane Williams and state Assemblymember Amanda Septimo on a frigid Wednesday night outside the enormous, city-owned property. ’Because there’s a lot of things upside down right now in our economy. And one of those things that are upside down [...] is the fact that a person who is helping get the food to your table cannot feed their own kid. That’s upside down.’
Negotiations stopped nearly two weeks ago after members had pushed for a $1 increase plus greater health coverage. Owners returned to the table with a 32 cents per hour wage increase, and 60 cents going towards health coverage.
Meanwhile Hunts Point workers continue their strike: https://t.co/CFkpbIL32e— Rebeca Ibarra (@RebeIbarraC) January 21, 2021
On Wednesday night, dozens of workers stood outside their workplace in solidarity, huddled around bonfires as music played and wearing protest signs, with a giant inflatable rat looming nearby. Employees spent the night chatting among themselves, outraged over the company’s lack of progress over the union.
For Francisco Flores, a 26-year employee at the site, the counter-offer is a slap in the face for many workers who stepped up during the COVID-19 pandemic, which did not halt operations at the site.
’We’ve had our contract disputes with them [...] it’s been different this year with the pandemic and actually seeing and knowing some of your friends that you’ve worked with in here for 28 years die, and then have friends of yours, not coming to work because they’re home quarantined, sick, makes a big difference,’ Flores told Gothamist/WNYC. ’And then we’re here every day during the pandemic, we try not to miss as much as we can, because we need the money. And we get no kind of thank you.’
Flores, a married father of three kids living in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx, said throughout his time working at the company he’s been living paycheck to paycheck. He can’t even save money. With every day that workers are on strike their pay is docked.
’I’ve even argued with my father from time to time. He tells me, ’You got to try to save money.’ I’m like, ’Dad, I can’t. I don’t know how you did it,’ Flores recalled. ’But in this economy and the way things are going, they don’t give you room. And I’m like, even though we might get a little bit of a raise, everything else goes back up. I’ve been to the supermarket with $100, and I used to come out with four or five, six bags. Now I come out with two or three.’
BREAKING: 21 train cars of merchandise turned back at Hunts Point Market strike line. “The locomotive engineer said, ‘we’re @Teamsters too,’ turned the freight car around, and headed back to Ohio.”UNION SOLIDARITY ✊
A Plot Summary
2021年4月11日Register here: http://gg.gg/p0aan
This is an essay.It contains the advice or opinions of one or more Wikipedia contributors. This page is not an encyclopedia article, nor is it one of Wikipedia’s policies or guidelines, as it has not been thoroughly vetted by the community. Some essays represent widespread norms; others only represent minority viewpoints.
Plot refers to the storyline of the text. The plot is the sequence of events in the story or drama. There are several elements that are common to all plots: The introduction, or exposition, is the beginning of the story where the characters and the conflict are introduced. Rising action refers to the events that occur in the story to advance the conflict and bring the conflict to a crucial point. A comprehensive plot summary defines the inciting incident, briefly describes it and outlines the events that lead to the highest point of action.This page is not considered a Wikipedia guideline on Wikipedia, but MOS:PLOT and MOS:FAIR USE are. Whenever possible, the guidelines should be followed. But most importantly, the point is that plot summaries shouldn’t swamp an article. This ispolicy.
As explained in Wikipedia:Plot-only description of fictional works, an encyclopedia article about a work of fiction frequently includes a concise summary of the plot. The description should be thorough enough for the reader to get a sense of what happens and to fully understand the impact of the work and the context of the commentary about it. On the other hand, however, the plot summary must be concise because Wikipedia’s coverage of works of fiction should be about more than just the plot. Plot summaries that are too long and too detailed can also be hard to read and are just as unhelpful as those that are too short. Finding the right balance requires careful editorial discretion and discussion.The objective of a plot summary
The objective point of a plot summary is to condense a large amount of information into a short, accessible format. It is not to reproduce the experience of reading or watching the story, nor to cover every detail. For those who have not read or seen the story, it should serve as a general overview that fills in on the major points. For those who have, it should be detailed enough to refresh their memory, no more.What plot summaries are not
A plot summary is not a recap. It should not cover every scene and every moment of a story. A website like Television Without Pity was a great resource, but we’re not doing the same thing that it was, and we shouldn’t follow its lead on summaries. However, we should be sure to use the best source available for summaries. This is a case where secondary summaries may not be appropriate—a summary of a summary is less likely to be useful.
Not only should a plot summary avoid a scene-by-scene recap, but there’s also no reason that a plot summary has to cover the events of the story in the order in which they appear (though it is often useful). The point of a summary is not to reproduce the experience—it’s to explain the story. If the original is nonlinear or experimental in its structure, then the article should state that fact in prose, not through regurgitation of the plot.[1] In fact, for a confusing story, we should assume that some of our readers will look the story up because they didn’t understand it. Just repeating what they have already seen is unlikely to help them.
Do not attempt to re-create the emotional impact of the work through the plot summary. Wikipedia is not a substitute for the original.[2]How are plot summaries used on Wikipedia?
A plot summary is generally used to provide a concise description of the work in question, to allow the reader to understand the discussion related to that plot, and to illustrate points within an article. Where a specific plot point has been commented upon by academics or the media, it is necessary to describe that plot point.Ways of organizing a plot summary
The most common organization of a plot section is generally a self-contained section (designated by Plot or sometimes Synopsis ). By convention, story plots are written in the narrative present—that is, in the present tense, matching the way that the story is experienced.[3] Provide a comprehensive plot summary. For articles that do not have a dedicated cast section, as key characters are introduced in the plot of a film or play with a known cast, list the actors’ names in parentheses after them, Character (Actor), where applicable. If it makes the plot much easier to explain, events can be reordered; for instance, a backstory revealed later in a novel can be put first, or an in medias res opening scene of a film can be described where it would occur later. A nonchronological narrative structure can be made chronological; for some works of this nature, the original nonchronological structure of the plot is of interest to commentators, such as for Pulp Fiction or Memento. In these cases, it can be useful to include a brief out-of-universe summary to explain how the nonchronological narrative is presented in the work before presenting the chronological summary. Plot summaries should be written from the real world perspective by referring to specific works or parts of works (’In the first book’, ’In Act II’) or describing things from the author or creator’s perspective (’The author introduces’, ’The story describes’). This gives the summary a more grounded tone and makes it more accessible to those unfamiliar with the source material.
This section may contain commentary on the work, as in Candide, though this is not required and great care must be taken to avoid original research. For example, to describe an alleged deficiency in a plot as a ’gaping plot hole’ expresses an opinion that cannot be included in Wikipedia as if it were an established fact; it requires attribution to a source. In general, commentary is better suited to a Themes or Reception section.What to cut
Michelangelo is said to have created David by ’taking a block of marble and cutting away everything that was not David’. Writing a plot summary is a similar process—you take a long work, and you cut out as much as possible. The question is, what do you cut?
The basic structure of many narrative plots includes a lengthy middle section during which characters repeatedly get in and out of trouble on their way to the climactic encounter. Most episodes of Doctor Who, for instance, involve the main characters getting captured and escaping repeatedly in the middle portion of the adventure. Although such events are exciting to watch, they often clutter a plot summary with excessive and repetitive detail. Cutting less important ones can make the plot summary tighter and easier to understand.
Necessary detail, however, must be maintained. A summary of Odyssey as ’Odysseus, returning home from the Trojan War, has many adventures which he uses his wits to escape until he reunites with his wife and kills the men who were trying to take over his kingdom’ would omit almost all of the important passages and confuse the readers. Even though they may know how the Odyssey ends, it’s hard to say that they understand the work well enough to appreciate its context and impact.
However, the Odyssey contains various scenes where people recount myths to each other, and other such scenes of little importance to the main plot. If most of these get left out, or mainly consist of a sentence or two, that is not a problem, and helps keep the focus on the main story. In works less vital to the foundations of academia and the founding of the Western literary tradition, even more detail could safely be left out as unimportant, including entire lengthy subplots.
The three basic elements of a story are plot, character and theme. Anything that is not necessary for a reader’s understanding of these three elements, or is not widely recognized as an integral or iconic part of the work’s notability, should not be included in the story.Length
There is no universal set length for a plot summary, though it should not be excessively long. Well-written plot summaries describe the major events in the work, linking them together with fairly brief descriptions of the less-important scenes or paraphrase dialog.
While it is difficult to quantify a strict word limit since no two articles are equal, however, the Wikipedia Manual of style offers some general recommendations to editors. The Film style guideline suggests that ’plot summaries for feature films should be between 400 and 700 words’. The TV style guideline recommends ’no more than 200 words’ for television episodes in episode lists, or ’no more than 400 words’ in standalone episode articles. The Novels style guideline says that ’400 to 700 words are usually sufficient for a full-length work’. The Video game style guideline states ’no more than approximately 700 words to retain focus’. However, particularly complex plots may need a more lengthy summary than the general guidance.
While longer descriptions may appear to provide more data to the reader, a more concise summary may in fact be more informative as it highlights the most important elements. By focusing the reader’s attention on the larger structures of a plot, without drowning it in trivial detail, a shorter summary can often help the reader to understand a work much better than an overlong one.
Some editors also feel that overlong plot summaries can pose a problems in terms of neutrality. Wikipedia must not give undue weight to one perspective at the expense of others. A long and overly detailed plot summary that relies on the fictional work toward that single primary source and may lack the balance of coverage that can only be gained from secondary sources.
Excessively detailed plot summaries may also infringe on copyright and fair-use concerns. See Wikipedia:Plot-only description of fictional works#Copyright for more.
As a rule, try to expand other sections of the article providing a real world perspective before adding to the plot summary. Our best fiction articles tend to have more real-world information than plot summary, not the other way around. If no more real-world information can be found then consider omitting some details of the plot. Similarly, if you find a summary that already overshadows the real-world information in the article, consider trimming it down to size.Maintenance over time
Having written a concise plot summary, authors must be wary of excessive attachment to their golden prose. At the same time, ’plot bloat’ is a serious problem. Plot bloat is the gradual expansion of a plot summary over time by well-meaning editors who do not have the advantage of the prior discussion about the preferred level of detail for this particular work. Periodic reviews and reassessments by new editors are essential to maintaining Wikipedia articles and to maintaining plot summary sections in particular.Characters, locations, etc.
For especially large or complex fictional works, certain elements may be split off into sub-articles per WP:SS. Such related articles should be clearly cross-linked so that readers can maintain their understanding of the full context and impact of the work.
In the cases where we have articles on characters, locations, and other parts of a fictional work, we often have a section that amounts to a fictional biography. These sections are, essentially, just a different kind of plot summary. For instance, an article on Hamlet the character as opposed to Hamlet the play would just summarize Prince Hamlet’s individual plot arc through the play. This works just like any other summary - again, you come up with a thesis statement, and defend it with evidence from the play. Perhaps you’d might begin the section with something like, ’The play charts Hamlet’s tragic downfall as he pursues revenge against his uncle Claudius’, and then you’d summarize the events that contribute to that tragic downfall, using all the same guidelines you would in general.Spoilers
By the nature of being an encyclopedia covering works of fiction, Wikipedia contains spoilers. It is traditional for Wikipedia articles on fiction (including featured articles) to summarize the work’s plot in the section fairly early on (often immediately following the lead, though in other cases after a background section or list of characters and the actors who play them). Information should not be intentionally omitted from summaries in an effort to avoid ’spoilers’ within the encyclopedia article. (Spoiler warnings were used early in the project, but the consensus of editors was that this practice was unencyclopedic so their use has been discontinued.)
However, when summarizing a plot and choosing what details to include, editors should use discretion. The advantages of exhaustive coverage of the work are in dynamic tension with the desire to preserve the artistic qualities of the work for readers. [4] Wikipedia should contain potentially ’spoiling’ detail where it substantially enhances the reader’s understanding of the work and its impact, but be omitted when it merely ruins the experience of the work of fiction for our readers.Citations
Citations about the work of fiction generally (that is, cites addressing the commentary, impact or other real-world relevance of the work) are secondary sources no different from citations of non-fictional topics. All interpretation, synthesis or analysis of the plot must be based upon some secondary source.
Citations about the plot summary itself, however, may refer to the primary source—the work of fiction itself. For example, primary source citations are appropriate when including notable quotes from the work, citing the act/chapter/page/verse/etc. of the quote within the work. For consolidated articles discussing a work published or broadcast in a serial form, a citation to the individual issue or episode is appropriate and should be included to help readers to verify the summary. Plot summaries written purely from other summaries risk excessive loss of context and detail. While consulting other summaries may be helpful in narrowing down on what the major plot elements are, be sure to consult the primary source material to make sure you get it right.Case study: Little Red Riding Hood
Let’s go through an example: Little Red Riding Hood.How to begin
The first thing we should ask is ’What is Little Red Riding Hood about?’ If you had one sentence to describe what it’s about—not summarize it, just describe it—what would you say? Probably something like ’Little Red Riding Hood is the story of a young girl’s encounter with a dangerous wolf in the woods.’ This short summary would generally go in the lead of the article. Now that we have that, the next step is to figure out what the parts of that claim are that we’re going to have to explain. There are three major ones—there’s a young girl, a dangerous wolf, and an encounter. We’re going to have to explain what all of those are.Establishing the premise
We should start, probably, with the young girl—she does, after all, come first in our description and in the story. What is there to know about the young girl? Well, we’ll want to know her name, what she’s like, and what she’s doing. So perhaps we’d continue ’The girl, Little Red Riding Hood, is described as ’a dear little girl who was loved by everyone who looked at her.’ She begins the story by trying to take some food to her ailing grandmother in the woods.’ This is good for a couple of reasons—the brief quote from the text serves to provide good evidence that the summary is being honest, and gives a good sense of her character. The basic premise of the story is described.
The only problem is that the name of the girl might be a bit confusing—’Little Red Riding Hood’ is an odd name. We don’t want to have things in the summary that will make the reader feel that they don’t know what’s going on. So perhaps we should rephrase: ’The girl, called Little Red Riding Hood because of the clothes she wears, is described...’ These few words quickly clear up a source of confusion.
Let’s move on. We’ve already got the girl. Now we need the wolf. What can be said about him? Well, he’s another main character, so we’ll want to get the same basic information—what do we call him, what’s he like, and what does he want? Again, this can be done quickly: ’She is noticed by a wolf in the forest, who wishes to eat her.’ Again, everything is there—we’ve got a wolf, and we know what he wants—he wants to eat Little Red Riding Hood (which happens to be a pretty good description of what he’s like, too).Getting to the good stuff
Now all we need is a description of the encounter. Since, here we’ll want to figure out what the major parts of the encounter are. Obviously the highlight is the ’My, what big teeth you have’ sequence in the grandmother’s house. But as with Red Riding Hood’s name, if we just drop the conflict in the house in without context it will just confuse people. So we’re going to have to unpack it a bit. On the other hand, we don’t need everything in the story—we just need to get enough that the big events make sense.
So what do we need to know? We’ll need to know how the wolf gets into the house and in the grandmother’s bed, mainly. But here we have a choice—do we want to relate the story chronologically, or not? In this case, since the story has such an iconic scene, it might be best to start with that and work backwards. So we might write, ’The wolf’s plans come to a head when he encounters Red Riding Hood in her grandmother’s house, having tricked her into revealing her destination and into stopping to pick flowers, giving the wolf time to get there first and capture her grandmother.’ What we’ve done here is clearly flagged the encounter in the house as the climax of the story, then gone back and filled in how we got there.
Now all that remains is to play out the encounter. Here, since we’re describing a pretty short portion of the story, we should probably just be chronological. ’The wolf, dressed in the grandmother’s clothing, lures Red Riding Hood closer. Red Riding Hood grows suspicious, noting that the wolf does not look like her grandmother, remarking ’Oh, what big eyes you have’ and ’Oh, what large ears you have.’ The wolf explains all of these things tenderly, noting that the eyes are so she can see Red Riding Hood better, until Red Riding Hood remarks on the wolf’s teeth, at which point the wolf springs forward to devour her.’ This is, of course, much more detail than we’ve gone into elsewhere, but in this case it’s worth it—the ’what big eyes you have’ dialog is an iconic moment of the story, and this encounter is one of the major events of the story. Simply put, this scene is a vital piece of information about the overall work. All the same, we have attempted to be concise—we’ve given only two examples of Red Riding Hood’s questions, and only one of the Wolf’s answers before jumping to the big one, the teeth.
Are we done? Well, no; we’ve still got a major part of
https://diarynote-jp.indered.space
This is an essay.It contains the advice or opinions of one or more Wikipedia contributors. This page is not an encyclopedia article, nor is it one of Wikipedia’s policies or guidelines, as it has not been thoroughly vetted by the community. Some essays represent widespread norms; others only represent minority viewpoints.
Plot refers to the storyline of the text. The plot is the sequence of events in the story or drama. There are several elements that are common to all plots: The introduction, or exposition, is the beginning of the story where the characters and the conflict are introduced. Rising action refers to the events that occur in the story to advance the conflict and bring the conflict to a crucial point. A comprehensive plot summary defines the inciting incident, briefly describes it and outlines the events that lead to the highest point of action.This page is not considered a Wikipedia guideline on Wikipedia, but MOS:PLOT and MOS:FAIR USE are. Whenever possible, the guidelines should be followed. But most importantly, the point is that plot summaries shouldn’t swamp an article. This ispolicy.
As explained in Wikipedia:Plot-only description of fictional works, an encyclopedia article about a work of fiction frequently includes a concise summary of the plot. The description should be thorough enough for the reader to get a sense of what happens and to fully understand the impact of the work and the context of the commentary about it. On the other hand, however, the plot summary must be concise because Wikipedia’s coverage of works of fiction should be about more than just the plot. Plot summaries that are too long and too detailed can also be hard to read and are just as unhelpful as those that are too short. Finding the right balance requires careful editorial discretion and discussion.The objective of a plot summary
The objective point of a plot summary is to condense a large amount of information into a short, accessible format. It is not to reproduce the experience of reading or watching the story, nor to cover every detail. For those who have not read or seen the story, it should serve as a general overview that fills in on the major points. For those who have, it should be detailed enough to refresh their memory, no more.What plot summaries are not
A plot summary is not a recap. It should not cover every scene and every moment of a story. A website like Television Without Pity was a great resource, but we’re not doing the same thing that it was, and we shouldn’t follow its lead on summaries. However, we should be sure to use the best source available for summaries. This is a case where secondary summaries may not be appropriate—a summary of a summary is less likely to be useful.
Not only should a plot summary avoid a scene-by-scene recap, but there’s also no reason that a plot summary has to cover the events of the story in the order in which they appear (though it is often useful). The point of a summary is not to reproduce the experience—it’s to explain the story. If the original is nonlinear or experimental in its structure, then the article should state that fact in prose, not through regurgitation of the plot.[1] In fact, for a confusing story, we should assume that some of our readers will look the story up because they didn’t understand it. Just repeating what they have already seen is unlikely to help them.
Do not attempt to re-create the emotional impact of the work through the plot summary. Wikipedia is not a substitute for the original.[2]How are plot summaries used on Wikipedia?
A plot summary is generally used to provide a concise description of the work in question, to allow the reader to understand the discussion related to that plot, and to illustrate points within an article. Where a specific plot point has been commented upon by academics or the media, it is necessary to describe that plot point.Ways of organizing a plot summary
The most common organization of a plot section is generally a self-contained section (designated by Plot or sometimes Synopsis ). By convention, story plots are written in the narrative present—that is, in the present tense, matching the way that the story is experienced.[3] Provide a comprehensive plot summary. For articles that do not have a dedicated cast section, as key characters are introduced in the plot of a film or play with a known cast, list the actors’ names in parentheses after them, Character (Actor), where applicable. If it makes the plot much easier to explain, events can be reordered; for instance, a backstory revealed later in a novel can be put first, or an in medias res opening scene of a film can be described where it would occur later. A nonchronological narrative structure can be made chronological; for some works of this nature, the original nonchronological structure of the plot is of interest to commentators, such as for Pulp Fiction or Memento. In these cases, it can be useful to include a brief out-of-universe summary to explain how the nonchronological narrative is presented in the work before presenting the chronological summary. Plot summaries should be written from the real world perspective by referring to specific works or parts of works (’In the first book’, ’In Act II’) or describing things from the author or creator’s perspective (’The author introduces’, ’The story describes’). This gives the summary a more grounded tone and makes it more accessible to those unfamiliar with the source material.
This section may contain commentary on the work, as in Candide, though this is not required and great care must be taken to avoid original research. For example, to describe an alleged deficiency in a plot as a ’gaping plot hole’ expresses an opinion that cannot be included in Wikipedia as if it were an established fact; it requires attribution to a source. In general, commentary is better suited to a Themes or Reception section.What to cut
Michelangelo is said to have created David by ’taking a block of marble and cutting away everything that was not David’. Writing a plot summary is a similar process—you take a long work, and you cut out as much as possible. The question is, what do you cut?
The basic structure of many narrative plots includes a lengthy middle section during which characters repeatedly get in and out of trouble on their way to the climactic encounter. Most episodes of Doctor Who, for instance, involve the main characters getting captured and escaping repeatedly in the middle portion of the adventure. Although such events are exciting to watch, they often clutter a plot summary with excessive and repetitive detail. Cutting less important ones can make the plot summary tighter and easier to understand.
Necessary detail, however, must be maintained. A summary of Odyssey as ’Odysseus, returning home from the Trojan War, has many adventures which he uses his wits to escape until he reunites with his wife and kills the men who were trying to take over his kingdom’ would omit almost all of the important passages and confuse the readers. Even though they may know how the Odyssey ends, it’s hard to say that they understand the work well enough to appreciate its context and impact.
However, the Odyssey contains various scenes where people recount myths to each other, and other such scenes of little importance to the main plot. If most of these get left out, or mainly consist of a sentence or two, that is not a problem, and helps keep the focus on the main story. In works less vital to the foundations of academia and the founding of the Western literary tradition, even more detail could safely be left out as unimportant, including entire lengthy subplots.
The three basic elements of a story are plot, character and theme. Anything that is not necessary for a reader’s understanding of these three elements, or is not widely recognized as an integral or iconic part of the work’s notability, should not be included in the story.Length
There is no universal set length for a plot summary, though it should not be excessively long. Well-written plot summaries describe the major events in the work, linking them together with fairly brief descriptions of the less-important scenes or paraphrase dialog.
While it is difficult to quantify a strict word limit since no two articles are equal, however, the Wikipedia Manual of style offers some general recommendations to editors. The Film style guideline suggests that ’plot summaries for feature films should be between 400 and 700 words’. The TV style guideline recommends ’no more than 200 words’ for television episodes in episode lists, or ’no more than 400 words’ in standalone episode articles. The Novels style guideline says that ’400 to 700 words are usually sufficient for a full-length work’. The Video game style guideline states ’no more than approximately 700 words to retain focus’. However, particularly complex plots may need a more lengthy summary than the general guidance.
While longer descriptions may appear to provide more data to the reader, a more concise summary may in fact be more informative as it highlights the most important elements. By focusing the reader’s attention on the larger structures of a plot, without drowning it in trivial detail, a shorter summary can often help the reader to understand a work much better than an overlong one.
Some editors also feel that overlong plot summaries can pose a problems in terms of neutrality. Wikipedia must not give undue weight to one perspective at the expense of others. A long and overly detailed plot summary that relies on the fictional work toward that single primary source and may lack the balance of coverage that can only be gained from secondary sources.
Excessively detailed plot summaries may also infringe on copyright and fair-use concerns. See Wikipedia:Plot-only description of fictional works#Copyright for more.
As a rule, try to expand other sections of the article providing a real world perspective before adding to the plot summary. Our best fiction articles tend to have more real-world information than plot summary, not the other way around. If no more real-world information can be found then consider omitting some details of the plot. Similarly, if you find a summary that already overshadows the real-world information in the article, consider trimming it down to size.Maintenance over time
Having written a concise plot summary, authors must be wary of excessive attachment to their golden prose. At the same time, ’plot bloat’ is a serious problem. Plot bloat is the gradual expansion of a plot summary over time by well-meaning editors who do not have the advantage of the prior discussion about the preferred level of detail for this particular work. Periodic reviews and reassessments by new editors are essential to maintaining Wikipedia articles and to maintaining plot summary sections in particular.Characters, locations, etc.
For especially large or complex fictional works, certain elements may be split off into sub-articles per WP:SS. Such related articles should be clearly cross-linked so that readers can maintain their understanding of the full context and impact of the work.
In the cases where we have articles on characters, locations, and other parts of a fictional work, we often have a section that amounts to a fictional biography. These sections are, essentially, just a different kind of plot summary. For instance, an article on Hamlet the character as opposed to Hamlet the play would just summarize Prince Hamlet’s individual plot arc through the play. This works just like any other summary - again, you come up with a thesis statement, and defend it with evidence from the play. Perhaps you’d might begin the section with something like, ’The play charts Hamlet’s tragic downfall as he pursues revenge against his uncle Claudius’, and then you’d summarize the events that contribute to that tragic downfall, using all the same guidelines you would in general.Spoilers
By the nature of being an encyclopedia covering works of fiction, Wikipedia contains spoilers. It is traditional for Wikipedia articles on fiction (including featured articles) to summarize the work’s plot in the section fairly early on (often immediately following the lead, though in other cases after a background section or list of characters and the actors who play them). Information should not be intentionally omitted from summaries in an effort to avoid ’spoilers’ within the encyclopedia article. (Spoiler warnings were used early in the project, but the consensus of editors was that this practice was unencyclopedic so their use has been discontinued.)
However, when summarizing a plot and choosing what details to include, editors should use discretion. The advantages of exhaustive coverage of the work are in dynamic tension with the desire to preserve the artistic qualities of the work for readers. [4] Wikipedia should contain potentially ’spoiling’ detail where it substantially enhances the reader’s understanding of the work and its impact, but be omitted when it merely ruins the experience of the work of fiction for our readers.Citations
Citations about the work of fiction generally (that is, cites addressing the commentary, impact or other real-world relevance of the work) are secondary sources no different from citations of non-fictional topics. All interpretation, synthesis or analysis of the plot must be based upon some secondary source.
Citations about the plot summary itself, however, may refer to the primary source—the work of fiction itself. For example, primary source citations are appropriate when including notable quotes from the work, citing the act/chapter/page/verse/etc. of the quote within the work. For consolidated articles discussing a work published or broadcast in a serial form, a citation to the individual issue or episode is appropriate and should be included to help readers to verify the summary. Plot summaries written purely from other summaries risk excessive loss of context and detail. While consulting other summaries may be helpful in narrowing down on what the major plot elements are, be sure to consult the primary source material to make sure you get it right.Case study: Little Red Riding Hood
Let’s go through an example: Little Red Riding Hood.How to begin
The first thing we should ask is ’What is Little Red Riding Hood about?’ If you had one sentence to describe what it’s about—not summarize it, just describe it—what would you say? Probably something like ’Little Red Riding Hood is the story of a young girl’s encounter with a dangerous wolf in the woods.’ This short summary would generally go in the lead of the article. Now that we have that, the next step is to figure out what the parts of that claim are that we’re going to have to explain. There are three major ones—there’s a young girl, a dangerous wolf, and an encounter. We’re going to have to explain what all of those are.Establishing the premise
We should start, probably, with the young girl—she does, after all, come first in our description and in the story. What is there to know about the young girl? Well, we’ll want to know her name, what she’s like, and what she’s doing. So perhaps we’d continue ’The girl, Little Red Riding Hood, is described as ’a dear little girl who was loved by everyone who looked at her.’ She begins the story by trying to take some food to her ailing grandmother in the woods.’ This is good for a couple of reasons—the brief quote from the text serves to provide good evidence that the summary is being honest, and gives a good sense of her character. The basic premise of the story is described.
The only problem is that the name of the girl might be a bit confusing—’Little Red Riding Hood’ is an odd name. We don’t want to have things in the summary that will make the reader feel that they don’t know what’s going on. So perhaps we should rephrase: ’The girl, called Little Red Riding Hood because of the clothes she wears, is described...’ These few words quickly clear up a source of confusion.
Let’s move on. We’ve already got the girl. Now we need the wolf. What can be said about him? Well, he’s another main character, so we’ll want to get the same basic information—what do we call him, what’s he like, and what does he want? Again, this can be done quickly: ’She is noticed by a wolf in the forest, who wishes to eat her.’ Again, everything is there—we’ve got a wolf, and we know what he wants—he wants to eat Little Red Riding Hood (which happens to be a pretty good description of what he’s like, too).Getting to the good stuff
Now all we need is a description of the encounter. Since, here we’ll want to figure out what the major parts of the encounter are. Obviously the highlight is the ’My, what big teeth you have’ sequence in the grandmother’s house. But as with Red Riding Hood’s name, if we just drop the conflict in the house in without context it will just confuse people. So we’re going to have to unpack it a bit. On the other hand, we don’t need everything in the story—we just need to get enough that the big events make sense.
So what do we need to know? We’ll need to know how the wolf gets into the house and in the grandmother’s bed, mainly. But here we have a choice—do we want to relate the story chronologically, or not? In this case, since the story has such an iconic scene, it might be best to start with that and work backwards. So we might write, ’The wolf’s plans come to a head when he encounters Red Riding Hood in her grandmother’s house, having tricked her into revealing her destination and into stopping to pick flowers, giving the wolf time to get there first and capture her grandmother.’ What we’ve done here is clearly flagged the encounter in the house as the climax of the story, then gone back and filled in how we got there.
Now all that remains is to play out the encounter. Here, since we’re describing a pretty short portion of the story, we should probably just be chronological. ’The wolf, dressed in the grandmother’s clothing, lures Red Riding Hood closer. Red Riding Hood grows suspicious, noting that the wolf does not look like her grandmother, remarking ’Oh, what big eyes you have’ and ’Oh, what large ears you have.’ The wolf explains all of these things tenderly, noting that the eyes are so she can see Red Riding Hood better, until Red Riding Hood remarks on the wolf’s teeth, at which point the wolf springs forward to devour her.’ This is, of course, much more detail than we’ve gone into elsewhere, but in this case it’s worth it—the ’what big eyes you have’ dialog is an iconic moment of the story, and this encounter is one of the major events of the story. Simply put, this scene is a vital piece of information about the overall work. All the same, we have attempted to be concise—we’ve given only two examples of Red Riding Hood’s questions, and only one of the Wolf’s answers before jumping to the big one, the teeth.
Are we done? Well, no; we’ve still got a major part of
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Agent: Tricia Wirth: Primary Phone Contact (231) 465-4167: Broker: Results Real Estate, LLC 129 W Upton Avenue Reed City, MI 49677 (231) 645-4167. Address: 127 W Upton Ave. Reed City, MI 49677 Phone: 231-465-4167 Mobile: 231-629-0352.About us | Contact us | Blog | For Professionals | Privacy policy | Terms of use | Site Map | Visit Mobile Site | PropStock© 2008-2021Rofo.com. All rights reserved. Realtors In Reed City MiRofo has the most comprehensive commercial real estate listings in your area. Search for office spaces, retail spaces, and industrial spaces. We compile all the information you need to find the office spaces that match your business needs and provide quick access to the office brokers. Use our friendly user-interface and detailed listings to search your area for small business office spaces for rent and for lease.Results Real Estate Llc MichiganAbout us | Contact us | Blog | For Professionals | Privacy policy | Terms of use | Site Map | Visit Mobile Site | PropStock© 2008-2021Rofo.com. All rights reserved. Rofo has the most comprehensive commercial real estate listings in your area. Search for office spaces, retail spaces, and industrial spaces. We compile all the information you need to find the office spaces that match your business needs and provide quick access to the office brokers. Use our friendly user-interface and detailed listings to search your area for small business office spaces for rent and for lease.
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